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Preface | |
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Simple Sentences | |
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Clarity | |
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Empty Phrases | |
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Needed Words | |
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Lively Verbs | |
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Specific Nouns | |
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Sexist Language | |
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Confusing Shifts | |
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Mixed Constructions | |
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Illogical Connections | |
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Misplaced or Dangling Modifiers | |
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Split Infinitives | |
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Variety (A Tiny Style Handbook) | |
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Parallelism | |
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Sentence Beginnings | |
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Combining Choppy Sentences | |
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Varying Sentence Structure | |
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Extending Sentences | |
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Passive versus Active Voice | |
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Correctness | |
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Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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Special Problems with Verbs | |
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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement | |
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Adverbs and Adjectives | |
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Sentence Boundary Errors | |
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Special Problems of English as a Second Language | |
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Articles | |
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Helping and Main Verbs | |
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Omitted Subjects, Expletives, or Verbs | |
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Idioms | |
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Repeated Subjects or Objects | |
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A Few Words About Words | |
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How Words Make Meaning | |
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How Usage Changes Meaning | |
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Social Idiom | |
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Word Pairs | |
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Changes in Meaning, Form, or Function | |
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Inappropriate Tones | |
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Glossary of Usage | |
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Punctuation Lite | |
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Don't Guess! Look It Up! | |
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Commas | |
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Commas Are Required | |
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Following the first independent clause (one which can stand by itself) in a compound sentence | |
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Following introductory dependent clauses, those which define other clauses and phrases | |
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Separating items in a series | |
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Separating coordinate adjectives | |
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With nonrestrictive phrases and clauses | |
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With sentence interrupters | |
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With personal titles, addresses, and dates | |
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Within direct address, short answers to questions, tag questions, quotations | |
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For certain special F/X | |
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Commas Are Not Allowed | |
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Separating compound elements that are not independent clauses | |
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Between subjects and verbs or between verbs and objects | |
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Before or after a series | |
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Separating cumulative adjectives, adverbs, and adjectives, or an adjective and the noun it modifies | |
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After a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor, yet, so) | |
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Before an indirect quotation | |
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After such as or like | |
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With a question mark or an exclamation point | |
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Before a parenthesis | |
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Semicolons | |
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Semicolons Are Required | |
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Connecting closely related independent clauses | |
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With a conjunctive adverb (however, moreover, consequently) or other transitional phrase connecting independent clauses | |
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Separating items in a series with internal punctuation | |
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Semicolons Are Not Allowed | |
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After a dependent clause | |
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After an introductory phrase | |
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Between independent clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction | |
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Before a list | |
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Colons | |
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Colons Are Required | |
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Introducing lists | |
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Introducing appositives | |
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Introducing quotations and formal statements | |
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Between closely related independent clauses | |
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With salutations of formal letters, between title and subtitle, to separate city from publisher and date in bibliographic entries, to indicate hours and minutes, and to show proportions | |
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Colons Are Not Allowed | |
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Between a verb and its object or complement | |
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Between a preposition and its object | |
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After such as | |
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Apostrophes | |
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Apostrophes Are Required | |
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With contractions | |
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With possessives | |
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Plurals of letters, numbers, and words used as words | |
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Apostrophes Are Not Allowed | |
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With possessive pronouns (his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs, whose) | |
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With words that are not possessive | |
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Quotation Marks | |
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Quotation Marks Are Required | |
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To set off any words, spoken or written, taken directly from another | |
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With titles of short works and parts of long works | |
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With words referred to as words in certain contexts | |
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When Quotation Marks Are Used with Other Punctuation Marks | |
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With periods and commas at the ends of word groups | |
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With colons and semicolons at the ends of word groups | |
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With question marks and exclamation points | |
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As single quotation marks for quotations within quotations | |
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For an informal quotation within a sentence | |
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Quotation Marks Are Not Allowed | |
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Around familiar expressions or humorous comments | |
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Around indirect quotations | |
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Other Punctuation | |
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Dashes | |
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Parentheses | |
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Brackets | |
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Ellipses | |
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Slashes | |
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Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points | |
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Proofreading Marks | |
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Details, Details | |
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The Customs of Print | |
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Sensible Spelling | |
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Spelling Rules | |
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If Stephen King Wrote a Spelling Test (Frequently Misspelled Words) | |
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Miscellaneous Mechanics | |
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Capitalization | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Italics and Underlining | |
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Hyphens | |
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Your Documentation, Please | |
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MLA | |
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In-Text Citation | |
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Works Cited | |
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MLA Manuscript Format | |
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APA | |
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APA In-Text Citation | |
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References | |
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APA Manuscript Format | |
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Chicago | |
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Endnotes | |
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Bibliography | |
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Chicago Manuscript Format | |
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Research | |
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Supporting a Thesis | |
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Organizing Ideas and Sources | |
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Supporting Each Point | |
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Sample Paper MLA | |
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Sample Paper APA | |
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Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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General Advice on Manuscript Format | |
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Page Layout | |
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A Little Grammar (Never Hurt Anyone) | |
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A Little Grammar Test | |
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Parts of Speech | |
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Nouns | |
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Pronouns | |
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Verbs | |
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Adverbs | |
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Conjunctions | |
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Prepositions | |
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Interjections | |
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Parts of a Sentence | |
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Subjects | |
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Verbs | |
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Complements | |
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Direct Objects | |
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Indirect Objects | |
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Object Complements | |
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Intransitive Verbs | |
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Clauses | |
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Phrases | |
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Further Reference | |
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A Little Usage Test | |
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Answers to the Little Usage Test | |
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Another Little Grammar Test | |
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Answers to the Little Grammar Tests | |
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Glossary of Grammatical Terms | |
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Parts of Speech | |
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Parts of a Sentence | |
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Online References | |
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Grading Symbols | |
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Index | |