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| In this Section: | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Full Table of Contents | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Why Study Argument? | |
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| What Is An Argument? | |
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| Forms of Proof | |
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| Modeling Arguments (Toulmin Model) | |
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| Analyzing Claims | |
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| Introduction to Claim Types | |
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| Analyzing Fact Claims | |
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| Analyzing Value Claims | |
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| Analyzing Policy Claims | |
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| Developing Your Argument | |
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| Kairos: The Context of Your Argument | |
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| Ethos: Developing Your Credibility | |
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| Presenting Your Argument | |
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| Supporting and Defending Your Argument | |
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| Finding Evidence | |
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| Evidence and Your Argument | |
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| Rebutting Arguments | |
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| Forms of Reasoning | |
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| Introduction to Forms of Reasoning | |
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| Definitional Arguments | |
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| Argument by Example | |
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| Argument by Analogy and Parallel Case | |
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| Causal Argument | |
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| Argument from Sign | |
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| Argument by Dilemma | |
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| Argument from Authority | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Remember This | |
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| Full Table of Contents | |
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| Getting Started | |
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| Why Study Argument? | |
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| The Alternatives to Argumentation | |
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| Argumentation is a Requirement for Democracy | |
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| How to Use This Book | |
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| What Is An Argument? | |
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| The Definition of an Argument | |
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| The Boundaries of Argument: Insults, Opinions | |
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| Implications of the Definition | |
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| Argumentation Requires Shared Assumptions: Conspiracies, Fundamentalism and Cults | |
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| Forms of Proof | |
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| Logos, Ethos, Pathos, Kairos | |
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| Assessing Arguments Using the Four Forms of Proof | |
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| Creating Arguments Using the Four Forms of Proof | |
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| Modeling Arguments (Toulmin Model) | |
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| Claims, Grounds and Warrants | |
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| Unpacking Arguments with Toulmin | |
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| Argument Networks | |
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| Analyzing Claims | |
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| Introduction to Claim Types | |
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| Analyzing Fact Claims | |
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| Can We Know What the Truth Is? | |
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| That's Just Your Opinion | |
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| That's Just a Theory | |
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| Developing a Fact Claim | |
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| Analyzing Value Claims | |
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| Why Are They Difficult? | |
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| Relationship to Fact Claims | |
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| Types of Value Arguments | |
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| Analyzing Policy Claims | |
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| What is Unique about Policy Claims? | |
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| Building Your Policy Claim | |
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| Common Fallacies and Problems | |
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| Developing Your Argument | |
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| Kairos: The Context of Your Argument | |
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| Audience Analysis | |
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| Media | |
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| History | |
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| The Occasion | |
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| Ethos: Developing Your Credibility | |
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| Models of Credibility | |
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| Credibility Fallacies | |
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| Developing Your Credibility | |
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| Ad Hominum Attacks | |
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| Presenting Your Argument | |
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| Classical Model | |
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| Other Models | |
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| Choosing a Model | |
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| Practicalities | |
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| Supporting and Defending Your Argument | |
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| Finding Evidence | |
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| Finding Evidence | |
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| Understanding Evidence | |
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| Understanding Specialized Evidence | |
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| Evidence and Your Argument | |
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| Choosing Evidence to Use | |
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| Citing Evidence | |
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| Creating Evidence | |
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| Ten Things That Aren't True | |
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| Rebutting Arguments | |
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| Stasis Theory | |
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| Burden of Proof | |
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| Ways of Responding | |
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| Placing and Framing Your Response | |
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| Forms of Reasoning | |
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| Introduction to Forms of Reasoning | |
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| Definitional Arguments | |
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| Where Do Definitions Come From? | |
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| Failing to be Well Defined for a Context | |
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| The Role of Pathos | |
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| Argument by Example | |
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| Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Informal Argument by Example | |
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| Statistics | |
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| Argument by Analogy and Parallel Case | |
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| How They Are Persuasive | |
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| Parallel Case | |
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| Extended Analogy | |
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| Causal Argument | |
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| How They Are Persuasive | |
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| Famous Causal Arguments | |
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| Argument from Sign | |
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| What Makes this Argument Valid | |
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| Famous Arguments from Sign | |
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| Argument by Dilemma | |
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| Rhetorical Impact | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Dualistic Thinking | |
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| Argument from Authority | |
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| Why Is This Needed? | |
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| Understanding and Developing Your Argument | |
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| Issues with Argument from Authority | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Remember This | |
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| The Five Things | |
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| Appendix: Arguments We Don't Ever Want To Hear Again | |