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| Preface | |
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| Historical and Social Contexts | |
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| Invitation to Corrections | |
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| How Does the Correctional System Function? | |
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| What are the Three Dominant Perspectives in Corrections Today? | |
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| The San Quentin Jute Mill | |
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| What Does it Mean to Have a Sociological Approach to Corrections? | |
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| Corrections and the External Environment | |
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| Who are the Participants in the Corrections System? | |
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| Standards of Employee Conduct | |
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| What are the Challenges of Corrections Work? | |
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| From Vengeance to Reform: A Historical Perspective | |
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| What Were the Legal Codes of the Ancient World? | |
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| Hammurabi's Code | |
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| Timeline Development of Corrections from Ancient Times to the Nineteenth Century | |
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| What is the Relationship Between Social Contexts and the Justifications for Punishment? | |
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| The Execution of Robert Damiens | |
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| Life on Norfolk Island | |
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| What is the Role of Imprisonment in the Development of Corrections? | |
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| How did the Ideas of Enlightenment Thinkers Influence the Development of Corrections? | |
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| Who Were the Early Prison Reformers? | |
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| Heroes: John Howard, Jail Reformer | |
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| The Development of Corrections in the United States | |
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| What was Distinctive About the Early History of Corrections in the Colonies? | |
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| What was Pennsylvania's Innovation in Penal Reform? | |
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| Abuses in the Pennsylvania System | |
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| How Did the New York Penal System Differ from the Pennsylvania Model? | |
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| Captain Elam Lynds | |
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| What Does it Mean That Prisons are Places for Rehabilitation? | |
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| How Did the Punishment of Women Differ from the Punishment of Men? | |
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| How Did Criminal Punishment in the South Differ from Punishment Elsewhere? | |
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| Timeline: History of American Prisons | |
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| What was Distinctive About Corrections in the Twentieth Century? | |
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| What Can We Learn from the Past? | |
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| Heroes: Richard A. McGee, Former Director of Corrections in California | |
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| The Punishment of Offenders | |
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| What are the Goals of Punishment? | |
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| Should We Return to Corporal Punishment? | |
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| Minnesota, a Pioneer in Restorative Justice | |
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| How Do the froms of Punishment Differ? | |
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| What are the Main Theoretical Positions About Punishment and the Social System? | |
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| Heroes Norval Morris, Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School | |
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| How Is Sentencing Related to the Correctional Process? | |
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| Community-Based Corrections | |
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| The Rise of Community-Based Corrections | |
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| How Is Community-Based Corrections Changing? | |
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| Timeline The Rise of Community-Based Corrections in the United States | |
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| What Is the Structure of Community-Based Corrections? | |
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| Heroes Kenneth F. Schoen, Former Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Corrections | |
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| Services Provided by the Probation and Parole Division of Washington county, Oregon | |
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| How Does Community-Based Corrections Function? | |
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| "Scarlet Letter" Punishments for Probationers | |
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| How Has the Victims' Rights Movement Affected Community-Based Corrections? | |
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| Probation | |
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| How Did Probation Originate and Develop? | |
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| What Is the Present Landscape of Probation? | |
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| Timeline Significant Events in the Development of U.S. Probation | |
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| Kevin Mitnick and His Adjustment to Federal Probation | |
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| How Is Probation Administered? | |
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| What Are the Basic Functions of a Probation Officer? | |
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| Sample Presentence Investigative Report | |
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| How Does the Probation Officer Do His or Her Job? | |
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| Heroes Samantha J. O'Hara, U.S. Probation Officer | |
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| What Role Does a Volunteer Play in Probation? | |
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| Partners against Crime Mentoring Program | |
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| What Are Probationers' Rights? | |
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| Is Probation Effective? | |
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| Intermediate Sanctions | |
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| What Is the Continuum of Sanctions? | |
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| The Best of Times and the Worst of Times for Intermediate Sanctions | |
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| What Is a Fair Assessment of Intensive Supervision of Probation? | |
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| How About Restitution, Fines, Community Service, and Forfeiture? | |
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| How Do Substance Abuse Treatment Programs Contribute to Intermediate Sanctions? | |
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| Eliminating the Revolving Door--Community Policing and Drug Courts | |
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| How About Day Reporting Sanctions? | |
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| How About Residential and Institutional Sanctions? | |
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| Does Money Make a Difference in House Arrest? | |
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| Heroes Doris L. MacKenzie, Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland | |
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| What Is a Fair Evaluation of Intermediate Sanctions? | |
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| Parole, Surveillance, and Reentry Programs | |
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| How Did Parole Develop in the Twentieth Century? | |
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| What Do Parole Practices Consist of Today? | |
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| The Murder of Megan Kanka and the Passing of Megan's Law | |
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| How Does the Parole Board Function? | |
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| How Does the Parole Officer Function Today? | |
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| "I Made a Mistake, but I Haven't Committed Any Crimes" | |
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| Why Is Release from Prison Traumatic? | |
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| Why So Many Go Back | |
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| What Are the Various Reentry Programs? | |
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| Heroes Joanne Page, Executive Director of the Fortune Society | |
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| Why Does Parole Need Reinventing? | |
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| Correctional Institutions | |
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| Local Institutions | |
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| How Did Jails Originate? | |
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| Who Is In Jail? | |
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| How Does One Adjust To Jail? | |
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| "You're in Jail" | |
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| How Do People Get Out Of Jail? | |
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| How Are Jails Run? | |
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| Heroes: Captain Don Fatherree, Corrections Professional at Fairfax County (Virginia) Adult Detention Center | |
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| Is The Role Of The Jail Officer Changing? | |
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| What Are The Issues Of Jail Confinement? | |
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| Jails Wracked by Sexual Abuse Scandals | |
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| What Trends Are Shaping The Jail? | |
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| Federal, State, and Private Institutions | |
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| What Do Prisons Look Like Today? | |
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| The Notorious Cellhouse One | |
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| To What Extent Do Prisons Mirror The Larger Society? | |
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| Who Has Jurisdictions Over Prison Systems In The United States? | |
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| Heroes: Kathleen Hawk Sawyer, Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons | |
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| What Are The Main Types Of Correctional Institutions? | |
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| Pelican Bay Prison | |
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| What Are The Ingredients Of A Humane Prison? | |
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| Correctional Managers and Officers | |
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| What Are The Changing Roles Of Institutional Wardens? | |
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| Female Correctional Administrators | |
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| How Has The Management Style Of Wardens Changed? | |
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| Heroes: Frank Wood, Former Commissioner of Corrections and Warden in Minnesota | |
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| What Are The Challenges Of Administration? | |
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| Characteristics of Successful Wardens | |
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| Who Really Runs The Prison? | |
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| What Problems Do Correctional Officers Face? | |
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| Institutional Security and Violence | |
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| What Has Happened To Social Order Within The Prison? | |
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| A Former New York Correctional Officer Speaks Out | |
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| What Are Expressions Of Prison Violence? | |
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| Heroes Mark Colvin, Professor of Sociology at George Mason University | |
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| Sex in Prison | |
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| What Are The Causes Of Prison Violence? | |
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| How Can Prison Violence Be Reduced? | |
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| Correctional Programs and Services | |
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| What About Classification Systems? | |
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| What Are The Most Widely Used Treatment Programs? | |
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| Crisis Intervention Is Necessary | |
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| Heroes: Martin Groder, M.D., Advocate of Therapeutic Communities within the Walls | |
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| What Are The Most Popular Self-Help Programs? | |
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| Prison SMART Foundation, Inc. | |
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| Are Inmates Interested In Helping Others? | |
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| What About Prison Programs? | |
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| What Prison Services Are Offered? | |
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| How can Correctional Treatment Become More Effective? | |
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| Prisoners | |
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| The Male Prisoner | |
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| How Has the Inmate World Changed? | |
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| Structural-Functional Perspective on Imprisonment | |
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| Radicalization of Prisoners Movement | |
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| Heroes James B. Jacobs, Professor of Law at New York University Law School | |
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| What are Special Groups of Male Prisoners? | |
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| Serving Time | |
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| How do Men Cope With Prison Life? | |
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| A Jailhouse Lawyer Speaks | |
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| The Female Prisoner | |
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| What is the History of Women's Prisons? | |
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| Timeline Establishment of Women's Prisons in Each State | |
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| What is the Social Structure in Women's Prisons? | |
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| Rules in Women's Prisons | |
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| Pseudo-Families in Women's Prisons | |
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| How About Women on Death Row? | |
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| How do Women Cope With Prison Life? | |
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| Heroes Elaine A. Lord, Superintendent of Bedford Hills Correctional Center | |
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| What Special Issues are Raised by the Incarceration of Women? | |
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| Sexual Victimization in Women's Prisons | |
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| Innovative Family Programs | |
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| The Juvenile Offender | |
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| What is the History of Juvenile Justice? | |
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| In re Gault | |
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| Timeline Juvenile Corrections in the United States | |
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| How does the Juvenile Justice System Function? | |
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| What Early Processing is Available in the Juvenile Justice System? | |
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| The Programs of Associated Marine Institutes | |
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| What Happens When a Juvenile is Sent to Juvenile Correctional Institutions? | |
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| Heroes Jerome Miller, President of Alternatives to Institutions | |
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| What About the Placement of Juveniles in Adult Prisons? | |
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| What Would You Say? | |
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| What are the Issues of Juvenile Corrections? | |
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| Legal and Political Contexts | |
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| The Death Penalty | |
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| The Death Penalty is an Affirmation of Life | |
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| What are the Roots of Capital Punishment? | |
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| Where is the Death Penalty Today? | |
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| How Many Innocent Death Row Inmates Will Be Killed? | |
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| How have the Courts Ruled on the Death Penalty? | |
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| Timeline Significant U.S. Supreme Court Decisions on the Death Penalty | |
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| Justice Harry A. Blackmun's Pronouncement on the Death Penalty | |
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| What are the Arguments Favoring the Death Penalty? | |
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| Walter Berns on the Need for Revenge | |
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| What are the Arguments Opposing the Death Penalty? | |
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| Heroes Sister Helen Prejean, Spiritual Adviser to Death Row Inmates | |
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| Incarceration Trends: Race, Gender, Class | |
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| What is the relationship between race and incarceration trends? | |
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| Penalties for Crack and Powder Cocaine | |
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| The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System | |
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| What is the relationship between gender and incarceration trends? | |
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| Heroes: Coramae Richey Mann, Retired Professor of Criminal Justice | |
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| What is the relationship between class and incarceration trends? | |
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| Social Injustice in the Justice System | |
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| Politics, Law, and Prison Crowding | |
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| How serious is the problem of prison crowding? | |
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| Surviving in a Crowded Concrete Tomb | |
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| How can increases in prison crowding be explained? | |
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| The Politicization of Crime | |
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| Heroes: Michael Tonry, Director of the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge University | |
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| What can be done to reduce prison crowding? | |
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| A Comprehensive Strategy for Addressing the Problem of Crowded Prisons in Oklahoma | |
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| Prisoners' Rights | |
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| What has been the response of the U.S. supreme court to the issue of prisoners' rights? | |
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| Heroes: Vincent M. Nathan, Court Monitor of Several State Correctional Systems | |
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| What individual rights do prisoners have? | |
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| The Right to Write | |
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| An Unconstitutional Correctional System | |
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| Significant U.S. Supreme Court Decisions on Prisoners' Rights | |
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| Why has correctional reform through the courts been difficult? | |
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| What has been the impact of the prisoners' rights movement? | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |