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| Preface | |
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| Empirical Research in the Humanities | |
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| Why Do Research in Writing? | |
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| Are Empirical Methods Appropriate for Scholars in the Humanities? | |
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| What Do We Mean by Research? | |
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| How Does Lore Fit In? | |
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| Why Do We Need Theory? | |
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| How Do Researchers Find Research Topics? | |
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| Library-Based Research | |
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| What Is Library-Based Research? | |
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| Source Credibility | |
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| How to Track Down Material | |
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| How to Collect Information | |
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| Organizing the Literature Review | |
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| Overview of Empirical Methodology | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Empirical Research | |
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| Essential Characteristics of Empirical Research | |
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| Purposes and Basic Design Principles | |
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| Common Categories of Empirical Research | |
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| Concepts Basic to Quantitative Research | |
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| What Is Quantitative Research? | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Validity | |
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| Randomization | |
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| Probability | |
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| The Null Hypothesis | |
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| A Few Words of Encouragement | |
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| Experimental Research | |
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| Defining the Research Question | |
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| Types of Experimental Designs | |
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| Techniques for Designing Methods, Materials, and Measurements | |
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| Choosing Subjects | |
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| Mistakes and Errors | |
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| Statistical Analysis of Difference between Groups | |
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| Types of Qualitative Analysis | |
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| Meta Analysis | |
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| A Fictional Problem | |
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| Meta Analysis: An Integration Tool | |
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| Selecting Subjects: The Broad Search | |
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| Selecting Subjects: Choosing a Sample | |
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| Analyzing the Results | |
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| Discourse or Text Analysis | |
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| What Are Discourse and Text Analysis? | |
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| Why Study Discourse? | |
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| Choosing Texts to Analyze | |
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| Determining Appropriate Segments for Analysis | |
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| Tools for Analysis | |
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| Types of Discourse Analysis Studies | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Discourse Analysis Studies | |
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| Surveys | |
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| Types of Surveys | |
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| Purpose | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Design Issues | |
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| Question Types | |
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| Information Types | |
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| Motivating Respondents | |
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| Test the Questionnaire | |
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| Quantitative Analysis of the Data | |
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| Focus Groups | |
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| Focus Group Theory | |
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| Physical Arrangements | |
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| Selection and Recruitment of Participants | |
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| Focus Group Leaders | |
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| Strategies for Conducting the Meeting | |
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| Analyzing the Data | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Focus Group Research | |
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| Case Study Research | |
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| Contributions of Case Study Research to Writing Scholarship | |
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| Clearing up the Confusion | |
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| Advantages of Case Study Research | |
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| Disadvantages of Case Study Research | |
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| Increasing Respectability of a Case Study | |
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| Tools for Case Study Research | |
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| Opportunities for Case Study Research | |
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| Ethnography | |
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| Ethnographic versus Case Study Research | |
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| Types of Ethnographic Research | |
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| Elements of a Good Ethnographic Research Project | |
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| Errors Commonly Associated with Ethnographic Research | |
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| Tools for Ethnographic Research | |
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| Properly Using Ethnographic Findings | |
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| Qualitative Research with Special Lenses: Feminist and Teacher Research | |
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| Criticisms of Traditional Research Paradigms | |
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| Feminist Research | |
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| Teacher Research | |
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| Other Special Lenses | |
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| Index | |