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| Preface | |
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| What Is Philosophy? | |
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| The Activity of Philosophy | |
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| Philosophy's History | |
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| Philosophy and the Examined Life | |
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| Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy | |
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| Thinking About Thinking (Logic) | |
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| The Life of Reason | |
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| Argument Forms | |
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| Induction and the Philosophy of Science | |
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| Strategies for Philosophical Arguments | |
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| What Is Real? (Metaphysics) | |
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| Introduction to Metaphysics | |
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| Dualism | |
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| Plato: The Immortality of the Soul | |
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| Plato: The Divided Line | |
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| Materialism | |
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| Epicurus: First Principle of Materialism | |
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| Idealism | |
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| George Berkeley: Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous | |
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| The Mind-Body Problem and Personal Identity | |
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| Alfred C. Lent Surviving in a Different Body | |
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| Freedom and Determinism: The Metaphysics of Human Agency | |
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| Peter van Inwagen: The Moral Argument for Freedom | |
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| How Do We Know? (Epistemology) | |
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| Introduction to Epistemology | |
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| Ren� Descartes: The Quest for Certainty | |
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| Ren� Descartes: Meditations | |
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| David Hume: Trust Your Senses | |
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| David Hume: Of the Origin of Ideas | |
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| David Hume: Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding | |
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| Immanuel Kant: A Compromise | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Two Sources of Knowledge | |
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| Knowledge and Human Practices: The Pragmatist Tradition | |
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| William James: What Pragmatism Means | |
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| Nathaniel Goldberg: Where Does Knowledge Come From? Quine, Davidson, and Traditional Epistemology | |
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| What Ought We to Do? (Ethics) | |
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| Introduction to Ethical Reasoning | |
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| Moral Skepticism | |
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| J. L Mackie: The Argument from Relativity | |
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| Morality and Metaphysics | |
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| Matthew Carey Jordan: God and Morality | |
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| Eudaemonism: The Morality of Self-Realization | |
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| Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics | |
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| Utilitarianism: Morality Depends on the Consequences | |
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| John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism | |
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| Deontology: Morality Depends on the Motives | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics | |
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| Philosophy of Religion | |
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| Introduction to Philosophy of Religion | |
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| Religion and Life's Meaning | |
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| Leo Tolstoy: A Confession | |
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| A Priori Arguments for God's Existence | |
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| St Anselm: Proslogion | |
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| A Posteriori Arguments for God's Existence: Aquinas' Five Ways | |
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| St. Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways | |
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| The Problem of Evil | |
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| James Petrik: Inscrutable Evil and an Infinite God | |
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| Philosophy of Art (Esthetics) | |
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| Introduction to the Philosophy of Art | |
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| The Value of Art | |
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| H. Gene Blocker. The Esthetic Attitude | |
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| Art as Ideal | |
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| Kenneth Clark The Naked and the Nude | |
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| Esthetics and Ideology | |
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| Jennifer Jeffers: The Politics of Representation | |
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| Social and Political Philosophy | |
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| Introduction to Social and Political Philosophy | |
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| The Liberal, Secular State | |
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| John Locke: A Letter Concerning Toleration | |
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| The Individual and the State | |
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| John Stuart Mill: On Liberty | |
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| Human Rights | |
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| H. Gene Blocker. Human Rights | |
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| Individual Happiness and Social Responsibility | |
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| M. Andrew Holowchak: Happiness and Justice in "Liberal" Society. Autonomy as Political Integration | |
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| Eastern Thought | |
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| Philosophy East and West | |
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| Confucian Theories of Human Nature | |
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| Mencius: The Book of Mencius | |
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| Xun Zi: The Nature of Man Is Evil | |
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| Dong Zhongshu: Human Nature Is Both Good and Evil | |
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| Hindu Debate on Monism | |
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| Buddhist Theory of Emptiness | |
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| Nagarjuna: Seventy Verses on Emptiness | |
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| Nagarjuna: How Phenomena Are Empty of Inherent Existence | |
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| Glossary of Terms | |
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| Index | |