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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Modernization and Chinese Civilization | |
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Theories of Analysis of Chinese Politics | |
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Theoretical Analysis in the Early Years of the PRC | |
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Theories Engendered by the Cultural Revolution | |
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Post-Mao Theories of Analysis | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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The Chinese Tradition | |
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Basic Characteristics | |
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The Governmental Structure of Traditional China | |
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The Examination System | |
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Literature and Art | |
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The Role of Law in Traditional China | |
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The Military | |
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The Barbarian Problem | |
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Interpretations of Chinese History | |
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Implications for Industrialization | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for further Reading | |
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Reformers, Warlords, and Communists | |
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The New Invasion | |
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The Self-Strengthening Movement | |
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Reform and Revolution | |
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The Reformers | |
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The Reactionaries | |
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The Revolutionaries | |
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The Kuomintang | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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The Communist Road to Power | |
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The Early Years: 1919-1923 | |
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The Period of Soviet Control: 1923-1931 | |
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The Jiangxi Soviet: 1931-1934 | |
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The Long March: 1934-1935 | |
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The Xi' An Incident: 1936 | |
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The Second United Front: 1936-1941 | |
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Civil War and Victory: 1941-1949 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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PRC Politics under Mao: 1949-1976 | |
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Consolidation of Power: 1949-1955 | |
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Establishing the Organs of Power | |
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The Hundred Flowers Period: 1956-1957 | |
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The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1958-1961 | |
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The Socialist Education Movement: 1962-1966 | |
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The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1976 | |
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The Years of Upheaval: 1966-1969 | |
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Reconstruction: 1970-1976 | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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PRC Politics in the Post-Mao Era: 1976-2010 | |
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Interregnum: 1976-1978 | |
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Deng Ascendant | |
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The Legacy of Mao | |
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Political Realignment and Policy Readjustment | |
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The Tiananmen Demonstrations, 1989 | |
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The �Third Generation�: China under Jiang Zemin | |
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The Three Represents | |
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Civic Organizations | |
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Changing Central-Local Relationships | |
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The �Fourth Generation� in Power | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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The Politics of the Economy | |
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Introduction | |
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The Early Years: 1949-1950 | |
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The Socialist Transformation of Agriculture: 1949-1978 | |
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Industrial Policy in the Maoist Era | |
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Maoist Economic Policies Assessed | |
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Economic Policy under Deng Xiaoping | |
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Agricultural Reforms | |
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The Private Sector | |
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More Responsibility for State Enterprises | |
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Reforming the Price System | |
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Reforming the Reforms | |
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New Problems for Deng's Successors | |
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Future Concerns | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Crime and Punishment: The Legal System of the PRC | |
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Less than Peaceful Coexistence of the Societal and Jural Models: 1949-1953 | |
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The Jural Model in Ascendance: 1954-1957 | |
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Resurgence of the Societal Model: 1957-1965 | |
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The Societal Model Rampant: 1966-1976 | |
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Law and Justice in the Post-Mao Era: Return to the Jural Model | |
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The New Legal System | |
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Legal Developments | |
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The Trial Process | |
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Mediation | |
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Petitions | |
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The Penal System | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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The Role of the Military | |
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Party and Army | |
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Assessing the Maoist Model | |
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The Influence of the Korean War on the PLA | |
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The Revolt against Professionalism | |
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Professionalism Returns | |
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The Effect of the June Fourth Incident on the PLA | |
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The Military under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Education | |
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Devising a System | |
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The Drive for Egalitarianism and Return to Expertise | |
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Redness Revisited: The Cultural Revolution | |
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Egalitarians versus Experts: The Search for a Synthesis | |
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The Search for Academic Excellence | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Quality-of-Life Issues: Health, Demography, and the Environment | |
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Health | |
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Demography | |
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The Environment | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Conformity and Dissent: The Arts, the Media, and Social Control | |
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Artist and Society in China | |
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The Party, Art, and Social Protest | |
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Post-1949 Control Mechanisms | |
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Repression and Reaction | |
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Culture and the Cultural Revolution | |
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The Arts under Deng Xiaoping | |
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Restrained Dissent | |
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Protest Gains Momentum | |
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Experimenting with Capitalism in the Arts | |
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The Campaign Against Spiritual Pollution | |
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Looming Confrontation | |
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The Tiananmen Demonstrations and Their Aftermath | |
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Expression, Repression, and Social Control | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Ethnic Minorities and National Integration | |
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China's Minority Peoples | |
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Ethnicity in Communist Ideology | |
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Minorities Policy in Practice | |
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The Early Years: 1949-1957 | |
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The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1959-1965 | |
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The Cultural Revolution: 1966-1971 | |
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Return to Pluralism: 1971-1977 | |
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Post-Mao Minorities Policy | |
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Reform Produces Problems | |
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External Factors | |
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Repression Increases | |
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Genuine Autonomy as a Possible Solution | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Foreign Policy | |
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Determinants | |
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Tradition | |
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Ideology | |
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Capabilities | |
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Goals | |
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The Formulation of Foreign Policy | |
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Chinese Foreign Relations: An Overview | |
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The �Lean to One Side� Policy: 1949-1954 | |
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The Bandung Spirit: 1954-1957 | |
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Resurgent Nationalism and Isolation: 1957-1969 | |
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Global Power Politics: 1969-Present | |
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Triangular Politics: 1969-1989 | |
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Counterbalancing the Sole Superpower: 1989-Present | |
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Post-9/11 Developments | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Conclusions | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Useful Websites | |
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Index | |