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| Preface | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Introduction: The Terrorist Threat | |
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| Terrorism Trends Over the Last Three Decades | |
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| Terrorism | |
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| The Perennial Debate: What Is Terrorism? | |
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| The Meaning of Terrorism Over Time | |
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| The Definitional Potpourri | |
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| Obama Administration: Downplaying the �T� Word | |
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| Is Terrorism Ever Justified? | |
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| State Terror(ism) and State-Sponsored Terrorism | |
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| State Sponsors of Terrorism | |
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| The Meaning of Terrorism in This Volume | |
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| Terrorism in the Global Context | |
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| Different Types of Groups | |
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| The Roots of Modern Terrorism | |
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| The Post-World War II Wave | |
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| 1968: The Advent of Modem-Day Terrorism | |
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| IRA and ETA: Groups That Transcend the Average Life Span of Terrorist Groups | |
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| The Decline of Left-Wing Terrorism | |
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| The Rise of Catastrophic Terrorism | |
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| Unrestrained Terrorism and Counterterrorism after the Cold War | |
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| The Old and New Terrorism in the Post-Cold War Era | |
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| Modernization, Globalization, and the Proliferation of Religious Violence | |
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| Technological Advances and Global Communication | |
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| Terrorism in the American Context | |
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| Right-Wing Terrorism | |
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| The Ku Klux Klan | |
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| Christian Identity and Neo-Nazi Groups | |
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| The Patriot and Militia Movement | |
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| The Surge of the Black Supremacist Movement | |
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| Left-Wing Terrorism | |
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| The First Anarchists in the United States | |
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| The Weather Underground | |
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| The Black Panther Party | |
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| The Symbionese Liberation Army | |
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| Single-Issue Terrorism | |
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| Antiabortion Violence | |
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| The Animal and Earth Liberation Fronts | |
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| The Jewish Defense League | |
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| Puerto Rican Nationalist Groups | |
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| Ideological Waves | |
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| Religious Terrorism: Political Violence in the Name of God | |
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| Defending the Faith in �Cosmic Wars� | |
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| The Proliferation of Religious Violence | |
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| Alienation, Humiliation, and Fear | |
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| The Jihadi Movement and Political Violence | |
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| Muslims | |
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| Islamists | |
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| Salafis and Wahhabis | |
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| Jihadis | |
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| Jihadi Ideology | |
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| Homegrown Jihadis in the West-Including the United States | |
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| The Making of Terrorists: Causes, Conditions, Influences | |
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| Terrorism as a Result of Rational Choice | |
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| Terrorism as a Result of Personal Traits | |
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| Terrorism as a Result of Social Interaction | |
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| Gender and Terrorism | |
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| For the Sake of Love | |
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| Demonstration of Gender Equality | |
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| Can Real Women Become Terrorists? | |
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| Tactical Advantages of Female Terrorists | |
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| Children as Terrorists | |
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| The Lack of a Universal Terrorist Profile | |
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| The Stages Leading to Terrorism | |
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| The Roots of Terrorism: No Simple Answers | |
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| From State Sponsors to Involuntary Hosts | |
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| Former and Current State Sponsors | |
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| Iraq | |
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| Libya | |
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| Sudan | |
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| Syria | |
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| The Case of Saudi Arabia | |
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| When Governments Reconsider Their Support for Terrorism | |
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| Failed and Failing States and �Brown Areas� | |
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| Involuntary Host Countries | |
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| Common Thread: Goals, Targets, Tactics | |
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| Do Terrorists Achieve Their Goals? | |
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| The Selection of Targets | |
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| Terrorist Methods: From Primitive Bombs to WMD | |
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| Most Common Methods of Terrorist Attacks | |
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| Most Likely CBRN Weapons in the Hands of Terrorists | |
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| Organizational Structures and the Financing of Terror | |
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| When Terrorist Groups Decline or End | |
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| Financing Terrorism | |
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| Narco-Terrorism or Narco-Funded Terrorism? | |
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| Counterterrorism | |
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| Terrorism and America's Post-9/11 National Security Strategy | |
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| President Bush's National Security Strategy | |
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| Making the World Safer and Better | |
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| Preemption Before Threats Become Imminent | |
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| Unilateral Use of Force | |
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| President Obama's National Security Strategy | |
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| The Utility of Hard and Soft Power in Counterterrorism | |
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| Military Hard Power | |
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| Military Retaliation/Reprisal | |
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| Military Preemption | |
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| Commando Raids | |
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| Assassinations | |
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| Hostage Rescue Missions | |
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| Nonmilitary Hard Power: Economic Sanctions | |
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| Drying Up Financial Resources | |
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| Soft Power and Counterterrorism | |
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| Deterrence | |
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| Diplomacy | |
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| Talking to Terrorist Groups | |
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| Public Diplomacy | |
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| Conciliation and Peace | |
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| Balancing Security, Liberty, and Human Rights | |
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| The Rights of �Enemy Combatants� | |
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| Torture: Leaders and Followers | |
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| Obama on Torture and Rendition | |
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| Torture: The Public Debate | |
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| Homeland Security: Preparedness and Prevention | |
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| Post-9/11 Reorganization of Homeland Security | |
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| General and Specific Homeland Security Strategies | |
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| It's the Intelligence, Stupid | |
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| Reorganization of the Intelligence Community | |
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| International Cooperation | |
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| Congress Resists Change | |
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| The News Media and the Internet | |
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| Terrorist Propaganda and the Media | |
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| Publicity: The Universal Terrorist Goal | |
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| An Alternative View: Contemporary Terrorists Do Not Need Publicity | |
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| Terrorism and the Triangle of Communication | |
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| Media-Related Goals | |
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| The Attention-Getting Goal | |
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| The Recognition Goal | |
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| The Respectability/Legitimacy Goal | |
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| Bedfellows in a Marriage of Convenience | |
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| Media and Terrorist Contagion | |
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| Defending the Media | |
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| Treason or Public Service? | |
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| Terror and Hate in Cyberspace | |
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| Terrorists and the Newest Communication Technologies | |
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| Propaganda and Hero Worship | |
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| The Internet as a Tool to Plan and Carry Out Terrorist Operations | |
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| The Web and the Retrieval of Valuable Information | |
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| Online Recruitment | |
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| Fund-Raising via the Net | |
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| Anti- and Counterterrorism in the News | |
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| The Media and Military Responses to Terrorism | |
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| The Bombing of Libya (1986) | |
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| Bombing of Iraq's Intelligence Headquarters (1993) | |
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| Missile Strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan (1998) | |
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| The Post-9/11 War Against Terrorism | |
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| Military Action Against Al Qaeda and the Taliban (2001) | |
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| The Invasion of Iraq (2003) | |
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| The Iraq War: Different News Coverage Abroad | |
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| Conclusion: Living with Terrorist Threats | |
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| Appendix: Major Terrorist Incidents Since the Early 1970s | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |