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Preface | |
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Acknowledgements | |
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Introduction to knowledge-based intelligent systems | |
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Intelligent machines, or what machines can do | |
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The history of artificial intelligence, or from the 'Dark Ages' to knowledge-based systems | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Rule-based expert systems | |
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Introduction, or what is knowledge? | |
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Rules as a knowledge representation technique | |
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The main players in the expert system development team | |
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Structure of a rule-based expert system | |
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Fundamental characteristics of an expert system | |
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Forward chaining and backward chaining inference techniques | |
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THERMOSTAT: a demonstration rule-based expert system | |
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Conflict resolution | |
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Advantages and disadvantages of rule-based expert systems | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Uncertainty management in rule-based expert systems | |
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Introduction, or what is uncertainty? | |
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Basic probability theory | |
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Bayesian reasoning | |
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FORECAST: Bayesian accumulation of evidence | |
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Bias of the Bayesian method | |
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Certainty factors theory and evidential reasoning | |
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FORECAST: an application of certainty factors | |
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Comparison of Bayesian reasoning and certainty factors | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Fuzzy expert systems | |
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Introduction, or what is fuzzy thinking? | |
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Fuzzy sets | |
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Linguistic variables and hedges | |
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Operations of fuzzy sets | |
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Fuzzy rules | |
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Fuzzy inference | |
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Building a fuzzy expert system | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Frame-based expert systems | |
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Introduction, or what is a frame? | |
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Frames as a knowledge representation technique | |
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Inheritance in frame-based systems | |
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Methods and demons | |
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Interaction of frames and rules | |
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Buy Smart: a frame-based expert system | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Bibliography | |
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Artificial neural networks | |
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Introduction, or how the brain works | |
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The neuron as a simple computing element | |
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The perceptron | |
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Multilayer neural networks | |
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Accelerated learning in multilayer neural networks | |
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The Hopfield network | |
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Bidirectional associative memory | |
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Self-organising neural networks | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Evolutionary computation | |
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Introduction, or can evolution be intelligent? | |
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Simulation of natural evolution | |
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Genetic algorithms | |
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Why genetic algorithms work | |
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Case study: maintenance scheduling with genetic algorithms | |
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Evolution strategies | |
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Genetic programming | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Hybrid intelligent systems | |
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Introduction, or how to combine German mechanics with Italian love | |
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Neural expert systems | |
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Neuro-fuzzy systems | |
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ANFIS: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System | |
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Evolutionary neural networks | |
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Fuzzy evolutionary systems | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Knowledge engineering and data mining | |
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Introduction, or what is knowledge engineering? | |
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Will an expert system work for my problem? | |
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Will a fuzzy expert system work for my problem? | |
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Will a neural network work for my problem? | |
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Data mining and knowledge discovery | |
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Summary | |
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Questions for review | |
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References | |
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Glossary | |
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Appendix | |
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Index | |