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| Introduction to the Use of Statistical Methods in Strategic Organizational Improvement | |
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| Process Definition | |
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| Statistical Techniques for Process Study | |
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| Managing Processes Within an Organizational Context | |
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| The Impact of Variation on Achieving Process Objectives | |
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| The Scientific Method and Process Management | |
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| Tools for Process Study | |
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| Use of Flowcharts for Describing Process Operations | |
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| Planning for Data Collection | |
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| Pareto Diagrams | |
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| Cause and Effect Diagrams | |
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| Introduction to the Concept of Statistical Control Charts | |
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| Summary | |
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| Control Charts for Attributes Data: p and np Charts | |
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| Description of Attributes Data Requiring the Use of p or np Charts | |
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| Construction of p Charts | |
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| The Concept of Statistical Control | |
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| Construction of np Charts | |
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| Construction of p Charts When n Varies | |
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| Collection of Attributes Data to Support Process Study: A Case Study | |
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| Supporting Ideas for the Effective Use of p and np Charts | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Application Problem | |
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| Control Charts for Attributes Data: c and u Charts | |
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| Description of Attributes Data Requiring the Use of c or u Charts | |
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| Construction of c Charts | |
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| Construction of u Charts | |
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| Using c and u Charts in Ongoing Process Improvement Work: A Case Study | |
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| Supporting Ideas for the Effective Use of c and u Charts | |
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| Summary | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Application Problem | |
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| Control Charts for Variables Data: Variability and Location | |
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| Description of Types of Variation in Process Data | |
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| Identifying Variation and Knowing Its Sources | |
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| Charts for Variables Data and Process Analysis | |
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| Summaries of Process Behavior | |
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| Examples of the Process Use of Range and X-bar Charts | |
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| Supporting Principles for the Effective Use of R and X-bar Charts (or s and X-bar Charts) | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Application Problem | |
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| Sampling and Subgrouping Principles | |
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| Sampling, Subgrouping, and Elements of Purpose | |
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| Chart Characteristics Direct Sampling and Subgroup Formation | |
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| Three Sampling and Subgrouping Plans in a Dimensional Study | |
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| Subgrouping Plans for Processes with Possible Fixed Differences | |
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| Subgrouping Plans for Studying Coils, Webs, or Rolls | |
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| Principles for Rational Subgrouping | |
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| An Application of the Principles of Rational Subgrouping | |
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| Summary | |
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| Application Problems | |
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| Control Charts for Variables Data: Moving Range and Individuals Charts | |
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| Process Data with Logical Subgroups of Size One | |
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| Evaluating Process Behavior with Moving Range and Individuals Charts | |
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| A Discussion of Issues Associated with the Use of MR and X Charts | |
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| Application of MR and X Charts in Process Study | |
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| Ideas for the Effective Use of MR and X Charts | |
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| Summary | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Application Problem | |
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| Subgrouping and Components of Variation | |
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| Understanding the Components Contributing to Total Variation | |
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| Study of the Components of Variation in a Batch Process | |
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| Example of a Multiple-level Subgrouping Plan and Analysis | |
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| Study of Fixed Effects in a Hierarchical Model | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Application Problem | |
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| Measurement Processes | |
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| Characterizing a Measurement Process | |
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| Evaluation of a Measurement Process: Reporting on Total Laboratory Variation | |
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| The Effect of Measurement Variation on Process Study | |
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| Comparison of Measurement Processes | |
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| Gauge R and R Studies | |
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| Recommendations for Ensuring Good Measurements | |
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| Application Problems | |
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| The Role of Designed Experiments in Process Management | |
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| Definition of Designed Experiments | |
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| Elements of Designed Experiments | |
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| Basic Mechanics of Designed Experiments | |
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| Additional Experimental Strategies | |
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| Summary and Design References | |
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| Practice Problems | |
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| Probability Models | |
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| The Normal Probability Model | |
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| The Binomial Probability Model: A Theoretical Basis for p and np Charts | |
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| The Poisson Probability Model: A Theoretical Basis for c Charts | |
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| Runs Tests | |
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| Seven Successive Points in or Beyond Zone C on Same Side of Centerline (or the Rule of Seven) | |
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| Test for Length of Longest Run | |
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| Test for Too Few Runs | |
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| Two Out of Three Successive Points in Zone A or Beyond | |
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| Four Out of Five Successive Points in Zone B or Beyond | |
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| Fifteen or More Consecutive Points in Zone C on Either Side of Centerline | |
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| Eight Consecutive Points Beyond Zone C on Either Side of Centerline | |
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| Symbols for More Detailed Process Flowcharts | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| Standard Normal Distribution | |
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| Factors for Use with X-bar and Range Charts | |
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| Factors for Use with X-bar and s Charts | |
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| Denominator Degrees of Freedom F(alpha) for alpha = .05 | |
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| Denominator Degrees of Freedom F(alpha) for alpha = .01 | |
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| Answers to Practice Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |