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Preface | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Credits | |
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Introductory | |
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What is the Old Testament? | |
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Chapter and Verse | |
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The Jewish Canon | |
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The Christian Canons | |
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The Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Promised Land: Geography, History, and Importance | |
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Geography | |
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History | |
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Timeline | |
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Importance | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Cosmic Origins | |
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Creations Genesis 1-3 | |
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The Book of Genesis | |
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Genesis 1 and the Sabbath | |
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Genesis and Science | |
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The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
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The Second Account of Creation (Gen 2.4b-3.24) | |
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The Garden of Eden | |
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Adam and Eve in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Formation of the Pentateuch and the Primeval History | |
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Genesis 4-11 | |
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The Traditional View | |
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The Development of Modern Interpretation | |
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A Summary of the Documentary Hypothesis | |
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The Formation of the Pentateuch | |
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Challenges to the Documentary Hypothesis | |
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Other Strategies for Interpreting the Pentateuch | |
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Primeval History | |
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J (the Yahwist Source) | |
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Cain and Abel | |
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Noah's Drunkenness | |
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The Sons of God | |
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P (the Priestly Source) | |
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The Tower of Babel | |
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The Table of Nations | |
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The Flood | |
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The Documentary Hypothesis at Work | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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National Origins | |
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The Ancestors of Israel | |
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Genesis 12-50 | |
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The Nature of the Narratives | |
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Source Criticism | |
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Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah | |
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The Binding of Isaac | |
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Form Criticism | |
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Circumcision | |
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Ancient Near Eastern Parallels | |
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The Ugaritic Texts | |
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The Joseph Narrative | |
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The Ancestors of Israel | |
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Abraham, Father of Believers | |
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History and the Ancestors of Israel | |
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The Religion of the Ancestors | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Escape From Egypt | |
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Exodus 1-15 | |
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The Book of Exodus | |
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Exodus 1-15 | |
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Legends of Rescue | |
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The Divine Name Yahweh | |
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The Hardening of the Pharaoh's Heart | |
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The Development of the Passover Celebration | |
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The Exodus and History | |
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The Exodus and the History of Religions | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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From Egypt to Sinai | |
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Exodus 16-24 | |
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Itineraries | |
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Incidents on the Journey | |
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Manna | |
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The Location of Sinai | |
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At Sinai | |
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Covenant | |
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The Ten Commandments | |
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The Status and Numbering of the Ten Commandments | |
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The Ratification of the Covenant | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Law, Ritual, and Holiness | |
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Exodus 20.22-23.33 and 25-40 and Leviticus | |
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Law in the Ancient Near East | |
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Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi | |
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The Covenant Code (Ex 20.22-23.33) | |
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The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments and Ordination | |
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"An Eye for an Eye" | |
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The Golden Calf | |
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Forty Days and Forty Nights | |
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The Ritual Decalogue | |
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An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar | |
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Sequel | |
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The Book of Leviticus | |
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Sacrifices (Lev 1-7) | |
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The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10) | |
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Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15) | |
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The Day of Atonement | |
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The Holiness Code | |
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Capital Punishment | |
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Women in Israelite Ritual and Law | |
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The Ethics of Leviticus | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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In the Wilderness | |
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Numbers | |
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The Book of Numbers | |
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Preparations for the Journey | |
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Law, Ritual, and Purity | |
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The Chronology and Geography of the Wanderings | |
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Rebellions in the Wilderness | |
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Miriam | |
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Opposition on the Journey | |
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Excerpt from the Deir Alla Texts | |
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Preparations for the Entry into the Land | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The End of the Journey to the Promised Land | |
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Deuteronomy | |
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The Book of Deuteronomy | |
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The Shema | |
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The Origins of Deuteronomy | |
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The Deuteronomic School | |
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The Character and Personality of Moses | |
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The Meanings of "Torah" | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Joshua and the Conquest of the Land of Canaan | |
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Joshua | |
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The Deuteronomistic History | |
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The Book of Joshua | |
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History and the Book of Joshua | |
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Shechem in Biblical Tradition | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Emergence of Israel in the Land of Canaan | |
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Judges and Ruth | |
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The Book of Judges | |
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The Moabites and the Ammonites | |
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The Song of Deborah | |
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The Philistines | |
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History and the Israelite Confederation | |
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The Book of Ruth | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Kings and Prophets | |
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The Establishment of the Monarchy | |
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1 Samuel | |
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The Books of Samuel | |
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1 Samuel | |
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Positive Assessments of Saul | |
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History | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Reign of David | |
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2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2 | |
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2 Samuel | |
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David's Compositions | |
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Jerusalem | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Reign of Solomon | |
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1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89 | |
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The Books of Kings | |
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1 Kings 1-11 | |
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Solomon in Later Tradition | |
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The Ideology of the Davidic Monarchy | |
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The Royal Ideology in Later Traditions | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah From the Late Tenth to the Early Eighth Centuries Bce | |
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1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14 | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Kings of Israel and Judah Late Tenth to Mid-Eighth Centuries BCE | |
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Institutions and Society | |
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Prophets and Prophecy | |
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Prophets in Later Traditions | |
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The Legends of Elijah and Elisha | |
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Elijah in Later Tradition | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Northern Kingdom of Israel in the Eighth Century Bce | |
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2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and Hosea | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE | |
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Prophetic Books and "Classical" Prophecy | |
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Amos | |
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The Day of the Lord | |
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Hosea | |
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Prophetic Attacks on Rituals | |
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Marriage in Ancient Israel | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Kingdom of Judah in the Eighth and Early Seventh Centuries Bce | |
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2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and Micah | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE | |
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The Reign of Hezekiah | |
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Isaiah | |
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The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCE | |
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The Identity of Immanuel | |
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The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCE | |
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Sennacherib's Attack on Jerusalem (701 BCE) according to the Assyrian Annals | |
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Hezekiah's Tunnel | |
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Micah | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Judah in the Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries Bce: The End of Assyrian Domination and the Fall of Jerusalem | |
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2 Kings 21-25, 2 Chronicles 33-36, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Jeremiah | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE | |
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The Reign of Manasseh | |
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Ashurbanipal's Library | |
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The Reign of Josiah | |
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Megiddo and Armageddon | |
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The Last Kings of Judah | |
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The Fall of Jerusalem | |
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The Book of Zephaniah | |
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The Book of Nahum | |
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The Book of Habakkuk | |
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Jeremiah | |
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Jeremiah in Postbiblical Tradition | |
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Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Exile and Return | |
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After the Fall: Jews in Judah and Babylon | |
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Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and Ezekiel | |
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History | |
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The Book of Lamentations | |
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Acrostic Poems | |
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The Jews in Babylonia | |
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Psalm 137 | |
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The Book of Obadiah | |
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Ezekiel | |
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Yahweh as Violent Spouse | |
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Gog of Magog | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Return From Exile | |
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Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55 | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE | |
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The Priestly Source of the Pentateuch | |
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The Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic History | |
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Isaiah 40-55 | |
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The Development of Monotheism | |
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Female Images of God | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Reconstruction, Consolidation, and Challenge | |
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The Restoration: Judah in the Late Sixth and Fifth Centuries Bce | |
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Ezra 3-10, Haggai, Zechariah, Isaiah 24-27 and 56-66, Joel, and Malachi | |
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History | |
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Chronology of the Mid-Sixth to the Fourth Centuries BCE | |
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Ezra 3-6 | |
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Aramaic | |
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The Book of Haggai | |
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Zechariah 1-8 | |
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Isaiah 56-66 | |
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The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah | |
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The Elephantine Papyri | |
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Apocalyptic Literature | |
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The "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24-27) | |
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Zechariah 9-14 | |
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The Book of Joel | |
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The Book of Malachi | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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The Consolidation of Traditions | |
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1-2 Chronicles, Psalms, and Proverbs | |
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The Books of Chronicles | |
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Samaria and the Samaritans | |
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The Book of Psalms | |
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Parallelism | |
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Music in Ancient Israel | |
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Wisdom Literature | |
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The Book of Proverbs | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Dissidents, Lovers, and Heroes | |
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Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Jonah, Esther, and Daniel | |
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The Book of Job | |
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The Satan | |
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"I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" | |
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Behemoth and Leviathan | |
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Job's Wife and Daughters | |
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The Book of Ecclesiastes | |
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The Development of Beliefs in Life after Death in Ancient Israel | |
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The Song of Solomon | |
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Historical Romances | |
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The Book of Jonah | |
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The Book of Esther | |
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The Festival of Purim | |
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The Book of Daniel | |
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Angels and Demons | |
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"Son of Man" | |
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A Look Back and Ahead | |
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Appendix: The Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books | |
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Revisions of and Additions to Biblical Books | |
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Historiographic Literature | |
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Historical Fiction | |
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Wisdom Literature | |
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Other Compositions | |
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Chronology | |
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General Bibliography | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |