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| Abbreviations | |
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| Evolution and medicine | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The theory of evolution by natural selection | |
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| The different conceptual bases of medicine and evolutionary biology | |
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| Why our evolutionary heritage has left us vulnerable to disease | |
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| Human demography, history, and disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Population growth: birth rates and death rates | |
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| Population growth in age-structured populations: fertility rates | |
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| Age-specific death rates | |
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| History of human population growth | |
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| The future of the human population | |
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| Evolutionary genetics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Other evolutionary processes: mutation, genetic drift, and migration | |
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| Genetic dominance | |
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| Heterozygote advantage | |
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| Pleiotropy and epistasis | |
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| Linkage and hitchhiking | |
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| Frequency dependent selection | |
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| Epigenetic regulation of gene expression | |
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| Population structure and mating patterns | |
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| Genetic consequences of human evolutionary history | |
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| Natural selection in human populations | |
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| Cystic fibrosis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator | |
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| Genotypic diversity and phenotypic heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis | |
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| Relationship between genotype and phenotype | |
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| Evolution of mutant CFTR alleles | |
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| - Life history tradeoffs and the evolutionary biology of aging | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The causes of death change through the life cycle | |
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| What is aging? | |
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| The life history theory of aging | |
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| -5 Genetic causes of aging | |
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| Proximate causes of aging | |
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| Somatic repair and the depletion of physiological capital | |
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| Plasticity in rates of aging | |
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| Developmental origins of health and disease | |
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| Cancer | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cancer as a disease of aging | |
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| Regulation of cell growth and replication | |
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| Selection for cells that escape normal growth controls | |
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| Cancer progression | |
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| Ecology of cancers | |
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| Anti-cancer defenses | |
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| Carcinogenesis and cancer prevention | |
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| Host-pathogen coevolution | |
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| Introduction | |
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| -2 Epidemiology of pathogen transmission | |
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| Virulence and transmissibility | |
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| Host-pathogen coevolution: hosts evolve in ways that minimize the fitness cost of pathogens | |
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| Host-pathogen coevolution: pathogens evolve in ways that optimize their fitness | |
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| Myxomatosis: a case study of host-pathogen coevolution | |
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| Complexities in host-pathogen interactions | |
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| Antibiotic resistance: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | |
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| Manifestations of disease | |
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| Sexually transmitted diseases | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases | |
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| Evolutionary responses of hosts to sexually transmitted pathogens | |
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| Syphilis | |
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| HIV/AIDS | |
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| Malaria | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The life history of Plasmodium falciparum | |
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| The natural history of malaria infections | |
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| R<sub>0</sub>, the basic reproductive number of P. falciparum | |
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| Virulence of P. falciparum | |
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| Evolution of P. falciparum and other malaria parasites | |
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| Mosquitoes that transmit P. falciparum | |
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| Effects of malaria on human evolution | |
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| The future of malaria | |
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| Gene-culture coevolution: lactase persistence | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Milk consumption | |
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| A brief history of animal domestication and dairying | |
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| The evolution of lactose synthesis and metabolism | |
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| Lactase restriction and lactase persistence | |
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| The coevolution of lactase persistence and dairying | |
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| Man-made diseases | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diet, obesity, and diabetes | |
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| Salt intake and hypertension | |
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| Elimination of old pathogens: the hygiene hypothesis | |
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| Hierarchical societies and socioeconomic disparities in health | |
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| Reducing the burden of man-made diseases | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |