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| List of Tables | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Teleology as a Critical Explanatory Framework | |
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| Historical Background to the Interpretation of Aristotle's Teleology | |
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| Greek, Arabic, and Latin commentary | |
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| Scholasticism and the scientific revolution | |
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| Natural theology and the critique of teleology | |
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| Theophrastus and teleological aporiai | |
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| Preliminary Study of Aristotle's Causes | |
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| Responsibility, blame, and cause | |
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| The four kinds of causes | |
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| Knowledge, demonstration, and causal explanation | |
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| Demonstration through 'the cause for the sake of which' | |
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| Temporal priority | |
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| Integrating causal explanations | |
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| Explanatory and non-explanatory causes | |
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| Teleological Notions | |
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| The cause for the sake of which | |
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| Nothing in vain | |
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| End, limit, and the complete | |
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| Function, activity, and the thing in a state of completion | |
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| Axiological terminology: the good, fine, etc. | |
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| Teleological Dialectic | |
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| Luck (Empedocles) | |
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| Necessity and Spontaneity (Democritus) | |
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| Intelligence (Anaxagoras and Diogenes of Apollonia) | |
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| God (Xenophon, Socrates) | |
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| Form (Plato) | |
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| Teleological Explanations in Natural Science | |
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| Teleology and Elements | |
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| Natural change and motion | |
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| Celestial elemental locomotion | |
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| Terrestrial elemental locomotion | |
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| Elemental transmutation | |
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| Meteorology | |
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| Teleology and Organisms i: General Principles | |
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| Reasoning from phenomenal effects to explanatory causes | |
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| Genetic order and explanatory order | |
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| Survival and reproduction as the basis of explanation in the life sciences | |
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| The insufficiency of necessity alone to account for living natures | |
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| Mechanism, reduction, and heuristic | |
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| Teleology and Organisms ii: Specific Explanations | |
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| Normal Cases | |
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| Abnormal cases | |
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| Animal behavior | |
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| Teleology and Humans | |
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| Deliberation, intention, art, and science | |
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| Ultimate ends of humans | |
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| Different ends of humans and other organisms | |
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| The use of other living things as instruments | |
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| Social organisms and organizations | |
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| Teleology and the Cosmos | |
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| The primary cause of natural motion | |
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| The most general teleological explanation of motion | |
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| No 'teleological' proof for the existence of god in Aristotle | |
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| Locomotion as the paradigm of change for the sake of something | |
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| A final aporia: how does the good exist in the universe? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index of Texts and Commentaries | |
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| Index of Names | |
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| Index of Subjects | |