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| A note on units | |
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| List of abbreviations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Aims of this book | |
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| Historical aspects | |
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| Remarkable properties of enzymes as catalysts | |
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| Cofactors | |
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| Nomenclature and classification of enzymes | |
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| The contents of this book | |
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| References | |
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| The purification of enzymes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Why isolate enzymes? | |
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| Objectives and strategy in enzyme purification | |
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| Choice of source | |
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| Methods of homogenization | |
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| Methods of separation | |
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| How to judge the success of a purification procedure | |
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| Examples of purification procedures | |
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| Conclusions from the examples of enzyme purification | |
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| References | |
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| The structure of enzymes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The determination of M[subscript r] | |
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| The determination of amino-acid composition and primary structure | |
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| The determination of secondary and tertiary structure | |
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| The determination of quaternary structure | |
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| The unfolding and folding of enzymes | |
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| Concluding remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Appendix 3.1 | |
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| References for Appendix 3.1 | |
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| An introduction to enzyme kinetics | |
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| Outline of the chapter | |
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| How do we obtain kinetic data? | |
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| How do we analyse kinetic data? | |
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| Pre-steady-state kinetics | |
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| Concluding remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Appendix 4.1 | |
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| Appendix 4.2 | |
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| Appendix 4.3 | |
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| References for Appendices | |
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| The mechanism of enzyme action | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition of the mechanism of an enzyme-catalysed reaction | |
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| Background to catalysis | |
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| Experimental approaches to the determination of enzyme mechanisms | |
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| Examples of enzyme mechanisms | |
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| Concluding comments on enzyme mechanisms | |
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| References | |
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| The control of enzyme activity | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Control of the activities of single enzymes | |
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| Control of metabolic pathways | |
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| Examples of control of metabolic pathways | |
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| Concluding remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Appendix 6.1 | |
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| Enzymes in organized systems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Organized enzyme systems | |
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| RNA polymerase from E. coli | |
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| The occurrence and isolation of multienzyme proteins | |
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| Phylogenetic distribution of multienzyme proteins | |
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| Properties of multienzyme proteins | |
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| Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex and related systems | |
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| Glycine decarboxylase multienzyme complex | |
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| The tryptophan synthase multienzyme complex from E. coli | |
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| Carbamoyl phosphate synthase and the associated enzymes of the pyrimidine and arginine biosynthetic pathways in E. coli, fungi, and mammalian cells | |
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| Multienzyme polypeptides: fatty-acid synthase and the arom complex (AROM enzyme) | |
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| Enzymes involved in DNA synthesis | |
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| The glycogen particle | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Enzymes in the cell | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Intracellular compartmentation | |
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| Compartmentation of metabolic pathways | |
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| Vectorial organization of enzymes associated with membranes | |
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| The concentrations of enzymes and substrates in vivo | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Enzyme turnover | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Kinetics of enzyme turnover | |
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| Methods for measurement of rates of enzyme turnover | |
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| Results from measurements of rates of enzyme turnover | |
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| Possible correlations between the rates of turnover and the structure and function of enzymes | |
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| The mechanisms of protein degradation | |
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| The significance of enzyme turnover | |
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| Other processes in which intracellular proteolysis is important | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Appendix 9.1 | |
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| Clinical aspects of enzymology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Determination of enzyme activities for clinical diagnosis | |
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| Clinical enzymology of liver disease | |
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| Clinical enzymology of heart disease | |
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| Other enzyme activities that become elevated in serum in disease | |
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| The detection and significance of enzyme deficiencies | |
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| Enzyme inhibitors and drug design | |
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| The use of enzymes to determine the concentrations of metabolites of clinical importance | |
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| Enzyme therapy | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Enzyme technology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Use of microorganisms in brewing and cheesemaking | |
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| Use of microorganisms in the production of organic chemicals | |
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| Use of isolated enzymes in industrial processes | |
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| Immobilized enzymes | |
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| References | |
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| Enzymes referred to in Chapters 1-11 | |
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| Index | |