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List of Exhibits and Figures | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction: A Brief Sketch of Brazil and Its Place in the World | |
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The Birth and Growth of Colonial Brazil | |
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Portuguese Arrival in the New World | |
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Factors Leading Up to Cabral's Voyage | |
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Early Consolidation of the Monarchy | |
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Social Structure with a Merchant Class | |
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Long-standing Involvement in Trade Routes | |
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Too Small to Send Nationals to Settle Abroad | |
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Securing the Frontiers | |
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From Trading to Colonizing | |
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Brazil's Colonial Economy and Its Nexus with Portugal | |
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The Influence of Enlightenment Ideas | |
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Conspiracies against the Portuguese | |
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Peoples and Dramas in the Making of the Colony | |
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Hunting Indigenous People for Enslavement and the Jesuit Role | |
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The Portuguese Explorers and Their Expeditions | |
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The Role of the Mameluco | |
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The Concept of Race as Applied to Indians in the Colony | |
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The Place of African Slaves and Free Coloreds | |
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The Persistence of the African in Brazilian Culture | |
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From Colony to Independence as a Monarchy | |
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The Portuguese Court Comes to Brazil | |
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Creating a New Portuguese America | |
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Brazilian Hierarchies | |
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The Tribulations of Brazil's First Emperor | |
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Uprisings under the Regency | |
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Recentralization | |
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The Role of Pedro II | |
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The Rise of Coffee | |
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The Emerging Problems with Slavery as an Institution | |
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The Question of Abolition | |
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The Paraguayan War | |
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The Making of "Modern" Brazil | |
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A New Generation and the Military Question | |
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Abolition and Its Aftermath: The Brazilian Way | |
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The End of the Empire | |
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Selling Brazil | |
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"Whitening" Brazil | |
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The Reality behind the Facade | |
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Coffee Fluctuations, Emerging Industry, and Urban Labor | |
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The Roots of Industrialization | |
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Worker Organization and Employers' Strategy | |
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Evaporation of the Oligarchical Consensus | |
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A Message from Below | |
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Economic Strains | |
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Building to a Dictatorship and World War II | |
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The Shock of World War I | |
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The Economy after the War | |
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Brazil's Uneven Development | |
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New Currents in the 1920s | |
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Modernism, Brazilian Style | |
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Rise of Anti-Liberal Thought | |
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The Disintegration of the Old Politics | |
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The Revolution of 1930 | |
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Swing toward Centralization | |
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Ideological Polarization | |
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Getulio Vargas as Dictator | |
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The Vargas Style | |
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Corporatist Inroads | |
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A New Search for National Identity | |
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Juggling the International Options | |
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World War II and the Rise of U.S. Influence | |
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Collapse of the Dictatorship at Home | |
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Returning to Democracy, for a While | |
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The 1945 Election and the Dutra Period | |
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Vargas Returns | |
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From Oligarch to Populist | |
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Vargas's Legislative Program Runs into Trouble | |
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Suicide | |
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Population Growth, Regional Disequilibria, and Migration | |
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A New President, Juscelino Kubitschek, Elected | |
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Political Strategy | |
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The Economic Development Program | |
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Dealing with the World Economy | |
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The Brief Presidency of Janio Quadros | |
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The Succession of Joao Goulart | |
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Populists versus the Military | |
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The Economic Crisis Escalates | |
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Rule of the Military | |
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The Generals Search for a Political Base | |
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Growing Opposition, Growing Repression: 1964-1967 | |
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Triumph of the Hard Line | |
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The Arrival of the Guerrillas | |
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Brazilian Culture and the Generals | |
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The Effects of Repression | |
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Military Rule and Questions about Brazilian Political Tradition | |
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The Economic "Miracle" Wrought by the Authoritarians | |
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The Benefits and Costs of Foreign Loans | |
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The Winners and Losers | |
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The Road to Redemocratization | |
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Battles within the Officer Corps | |
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Manipulating the Electoral System | |
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Redemocratization-New Hope, Old Problems | |
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An Unintended Succession | |
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Sarney and the New Democracy | |
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The Cruzado Plan | |
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The Debt Crisis and the Economy | |
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Lost Investment | |
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The Brain Drain | |
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Widening Gaps between Rich and Poor | |
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Education and Health Care | |
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Housing and Communications | |
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Public Health: A Success Story | |
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Changes Affecting Women | |
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Race Relations | |
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Contemporary Culture | |
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The Political Spectrum in the New Democracy | |
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The Collor Debacle | |
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The Election | |
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The Policies | |
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The End | |
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Another Vice President in Command | |
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Back to Stabilization: The Plano Real | |
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The Presidential Election of 1994 | |
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The Cardoso Government's First Term | |
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Going for a Second Term | |
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Social Justice Delayed | |
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Selling Off the State | |
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Brazil in the Shadow of an Argentine Default | |
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Brazilian Democracy Takes a New Turn: Or Does It? | |
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Lula Finally Becomes Legitimate | |
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The Economic Scene | |
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The 2002 Presidential Campaign | |
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Lula's First Steps | |
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The PT in Power | |
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Exports Take Center Stage as Lula Continues to Govern | |
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Government Fortunes Further Reverse as the PT Tastes Scandal | |
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The Last Year of Lula's First Term | |
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The Economy in 2006 | |
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Some Hard Lessons for Lula's Socialism | |
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The Landless Movement | |
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Riots among the Criminal Population | |
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Conflict with Bolivia over Natural Gas | |
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The 2006 Presidential Campaign | |
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Lula's Second Term and the Outlook Ahead | |
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Lula's Luck | |
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What's Next? | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Index | |