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| Preface | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Site Map of Western Europe | |
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| Site Map of Central Europe | |
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| Site Map of The Caucusus and the Near East | |
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| Site Map of East Asia | |
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| Site Map of Northern Africa | |
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| Site Map of Southern Africa | |
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| Before Darwin | |
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| Time and the Diversity of Life | |
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| Enter the Antiquarians | |
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| Paleontology | |
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| Neanderthal Debut | |
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| Darwin and After | |
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| Natural Selection | |
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| Early Disquisitions on Neanderthals | |
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| Antiquarianism Transforms into Archaeology | |
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| Evolving Notions of Early Humans | |
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| Pithecanthropus | |
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| Java Man | |
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| Changing Views of the Neanderthals | |
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| The Early Twentieth Century | |
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| Genetics and Species | |
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| The Hominid Fossil Record Grows | |
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| Dawson's Dawn Man | |
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| The "Neanderthal Phase of Man" | |
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| Out of Africa... | |
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| Australopithecus | |
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| Peking Man | |
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| Back to Java | |
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| ...Always Something New | |
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| International Acceptance | |
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| A Prophet in His Own Country... | |
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| African Genesis | |
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| Olduvai Gorge | |
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| Outside Africa | |
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| The Synthesis | |
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| A Remarkable Convergence | |
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| Population Thinking | |
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| Paleoanthropology Capitulates | |
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| Radiometric Dating | |
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| The Record Expands and Stereotypes Fall | |
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| Olduvai Gorge | |
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| Zinjanthropus | |
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| "Jonny's Child" | |
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| A Dating Revolution | |
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| Handy Man | |
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| Collegial Mutterings | |
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| Rama's Ape Meets the Mighty Molecule | |
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| A New Hominid | |
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| A Top-Heavy Edifice | |
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| Enter the Molecules | |
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| What Is a Hominid? | |
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| Omo and Turkana | |
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| Hominid Catastrophism and the Single-Species Hypothesis | |
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| The Omo and Ethiopia | |
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| Koobi Fora and the Turkana Basin | |
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| The Artifactual Record | |
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| More from Koobi Fora | |
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| Hadar, Lucy, and Laetoli | |
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| Hadar, Lucy, and the First Family | |
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| Bodo and Laetoli | |
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| One Species or Two? | |
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| A Stem Hominid? | |
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| Bipeds and Climbers? | |
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| Why Bipedality? | |
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| Theory Intrudes | |
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| Phyletic Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibria? | |
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| Reluctant Acceptance | |
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| Reconstructing Phylogeny | |
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| Scenarios and Trees | |
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| Eurasia and Africa: The Record Grows | |
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| The Chinese Record | |
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| Homo heidelbergensis | |
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| Complex Lifeways | |
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| Archaeological Transition | |
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| East and South | |
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| Turkana and Olduvai-Again | |
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| The "Turkana Boy" | |
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| Back to Olduvai | |
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| The Unthinkable Thought | |
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| The Black Skull | |
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| Graciles and Robusts | |
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| Faunal Turnover | |
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| The Caveman Vanishes | |
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| Understanding the Caves | |
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| Diverse Records | |
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| A Complex Picture | |
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| Experimental Archaeology | |
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| Other Influences | |
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| The Neanderthal View of the World | |
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| Candelabras and Continuity | |
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| The Multiregional Model | |
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| The Diversity Perspective | |
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| A Single Origin | |
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| The Mighty Mitochondrion | |
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| Refinements in Dating | |
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| Levantine Coexistence | |
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| Another Fin de Siecle | |
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| Diet and Isotopes | |
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| Neanderthal Environmental Preferences | |
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| The Neanderthal Body | |
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| DNA from Neanderthals | |
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| Hybrid Red Herrings | |
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| High-Tech Morphometry | |
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| Atapuerca: A Fossil Cornucopia | |
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| Diversity Among Early Europeans | |
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| Out of Africa for the First Time | |
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| Moving East | |
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| "African Homo erectus": More Diversity? | |
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| Early Homo sapiens? | |
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| Evo-Devo | |
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| A "Human Revolution"? | |
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| "Adams" and "Eves" | |
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| The Mysterious Hominid of Flores | |
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| Back to the Beginning | |
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| A Veritable Menu of Earliest Hominids | |
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| Millennium Man | |
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| Sahelanthropus | |
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| Back to Kenya | |
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| More Entrants | |
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| Hadar Again | |
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| A Tale of Two Skeletons | |
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| A New "Robust" | |
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| Isotopes Again | |
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| New Australopiths from Ethiopia | |
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| Homo Revisited | |
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| Prospects | |
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| So, Where Are We? | |
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| Systematics-The Key to Understanding the Hominids | |
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| Becoming Human | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |