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| List of Cases | |
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| Introduction: Four Questions of Ethics | |
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| What Are the Source, Meaning, and Justification of Ethical Claims? | |
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| Distinguish Between Evaluative Statements and Statements Presenting Nonevaluative Facts | |
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| Distinguish Between Moral and Nonmoral Evaluations | |
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| Determine Who Ought to Decide | |
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| What Kinds of Acts Are Right? | |
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| Consequentialism | |
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| Deontological or "Duty-Based" Ethics | |
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| Other Issues of Normative Ethics | |
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| How Do Rules Apply to Specific Situations? | |
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| What Ought to Be Done in Specific Cases? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Ethics and Values in Pharmacy | |
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| A Model for Ethical Problem Solving | |
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| The Five-Step Model | |
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| Application of the Model | |
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| Respond to the Sense That Something Is Wrong | |
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| Gather Information | |
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| Identify the Ethical Problem/Moral Diagnosis | |
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| Seek a Resolution | |
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| Work with Others to Choose a Course of Action | |
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| Notes | |
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| Values in Health and Illness | |
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| Identifying Value Judgments in Pharmacy | |
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| Separating Ethical and Other Evaluations | |
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| What Is the Source of Moral Judgments? | |
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| Grounding Ethics in the Professional Code | |
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| Grounding Ethics in the Physician's Orders | |
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| Grounding Ethics in Hospital Policy | |
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| Grounding Ethics in the Patient's Values | |
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| Grounding Ethics in Religious or Philosophical Perspectives | |
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| Notes | |
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| Ethical Principles in Pharmacy Ethics | |
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| Benefiting the Patient and Others: The Duty to Do Good and Avoid Harm | |
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| Benefiting the Patient | |
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| Health in Conflict with Other Goods | |
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| Relating Benefits and Harms | |
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| Benefits of Rules and Benefits in Specific Cases | |
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| Benefiting Society and Individuals Who Are Not Patients | |
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| Benefits to Society | |
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| Benefits to Specific Nonpatients | |
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| Benefits to the Profession | |
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| Benefits to the Pharmacist and the Pharmacist's Family | |
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| Notes | |
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| Justice: The Allocation of Health Resources | |
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| Justice Among Patients | |
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| Justice Between Patients and Others | |
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| Justice in Public Policy | |
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| Justice and Other Ethical Principles | |
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| Notes | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| Determining Whether a Patient Is Autonomous | |
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| External Constraints on Autonomy | |
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| Overriding the Choices of Autonomous Persons | |
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| Notes | |
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| Veracity: Dealing Honestly with Patients | |
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| The Condition of Doubt | |
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| Lying in Order to Benefit | |
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| Protecting the Patient by Lying | |
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| Protecting the Welfare of Others | |
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| Special Cases of Truth Telling | |
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| Patients Who Don't Want to Be Told | |
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| Family Members Who Insist That the Patient Not Be Told | |
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| The Right of Access to Medical Records | |
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| Notes | |
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| Fidelity: Promise-Keeping and Confidentiality | |
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| The Ethics of Promises: Explicit and Implicit | |
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| The Limits on the Promise of Confidentiality | |
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| Breaking Confidence to Benefit the Patient | |
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| Breaking Confidence to Benefit Others | |
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| Incompetent, Impaired, and Dishonest Colleagues | |
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| Notes | |
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| Avoidance of Killing | |
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| Active Killing Versus Letting One Die | |
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| Withholding Versus Withdrawing Treatment | |
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| Direct Versus Indirect Killing | |
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| Justifiable Omissions | |
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| Voluntary and Involuntary Killing | |
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| Killing as Punishment | |
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| Notes | |
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| Special Problem Areas | |
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| Abortion, Sterilization, and Contraception | |
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| Abortion | |
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| Abortion for Medical Problems of the Fetus | |
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| Abortion Following Sexual Assault | |
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| Abortion to Save the Life of the Pregnant Woman | |
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| Abortion and the Mentally Incapacitated Woman | |
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| Abortion for Socioeconomic Reasons | |
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| Sterilization | |
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| Contraception | |
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| Notes | |
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| Genetics, Birth, and the Biological Revolution | |
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| Genetic Counseling | |
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| Genetic Screening | |
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| In Vitro Fertilization | |
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| Surrogate Motherhood | |
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| Genetic Engineering | |
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| Notes | |
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| Mental Health and Behavior Control | |
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| The Concept of Mental Health | |
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| Mental Illness and Autonomous Behavior | |
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| Mental Illness and Third-Party Interests | |
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| Other Behavior-Controlling Therapies | |
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| Notes | |
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| Formularies and Drug Distribution Systems | |
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| Formularies | |
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| Eliminating Unproven Therapies | |
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| Eliminating Proven but Marginally Beneficial Therapies | |
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| Eliminating Proven but Cost-Ineffective Therapies | |
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| Appeals to Override Formularies | |
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| Physician Behavior with Drug Company Influence | |
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| Drug Distribution Systems | |
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| Mail-Order Pharmacies | |
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| Drugs from Canada | |
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| Notes | |
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| Experimentation on Human Subjects | |
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| Calculating Risks and Benefits | |
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| Privacy and Confidentiality | |
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| Equity in Research | |
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| Conflicts of Interest in Research | |
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| Informed Consent in Research | |
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| Notes | |
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| Consent and the Right to Refuse Treatment | |
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| The Elements of a Consent | |
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| The Standards for Consent | |
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| Comprehension and Voluntariness | |
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| Notes | |
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| Death and Dying | |
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| The Definition of Death | |
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| Competent and Formerly Competent Patients | |
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| Never-Competent Patients | |
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| Limits Based on Interests of Others | |
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| Notes | |
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| Appendix | |
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| The Hippocratic Oath | |
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| Code of Ethics for Pharmacists | |
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| Index | |