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Preface | |
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What research libraries can offer that the Internet cannot (both resources and search techniques | |
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Trade-offs of what, who, and where restrictions on free access | |
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Hierarchy of levels of learning | |
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Data, information, opinion, knowledge, understanding | |
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Wisdom separate | |
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Implications of format differences | |
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Nine methods of subject searching | |
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Patterns in inefficient searches | |
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Initial Overviews: Encyclopedias | |
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Characteristics of encyclopedias | |
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Specialized vs. general encyclopedias | |
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Examples | |
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How to find articles in specialized encyclopedias | |
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Cross-disciplinary searching | |
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How to identify additional specialized encyclopedias | |
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Peculiar strengths of general sets | |
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Subject Headings and the Library Catalog | |
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Problems in determining the right subject headings | |
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Uniform Heading | |
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Scope-match specificity and its modifications | |
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Specific entry | |
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Four ways to find the right subject headings | |
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Cross-references | |
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Alphabetically adjacent terms | |
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Subject tracings | |
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Browse displays of subdivisions | |
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Recognition vs. prior specification | |
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Use of three menu listings | |
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Precoordination and postcoordination | |
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Particularly useful subdivisions | |
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Miscellaneous tips on subject headings | |
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Narrowing a topic | |
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Proper names | |
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Finding foreign language books | |
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Pattern headings | |
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General Browsing, Focused Browsing, and Use of Classified Bookstacks | |
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Alternative methods of shelving book collections | |
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The problems with shelving by accession number, by height, or in remote warehouses | |
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Serendipity and recognition | |
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General browsing vs. focused browsing | |
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Full-text searching and depth of access | |
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Lighthouse libraries example | |
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Searching for a single word | |
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Valery and Dreyfus example | |
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Inadequacy of Google Print as a replacement for classified bookstacks | |
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The complementary relationship of the library catalog and the classified bookstacks | |
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The catalog as the index to the classification scheme | |
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Trade-offs and remedies | |
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Exploiting the internal structure of the cataloging system | |
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The problems that result when the system is ignored | |
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Browsing in other contexts | |
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Importance of full texts of books arranged in subject groupings | |
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Subject Headings and Indexes to Journal Articles | |
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Descriptors | |
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Separate thesauri | |
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Descriptor fields in online records | |
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Eureka databases | |
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Browse search feature | |
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FirstSearch databases and Wilson Web counterparts | |
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Related Subjects search feature | |
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Contrast of Eureka and FirstSearch softwares | |
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EBSCO Host research databases | |
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Search features | |
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Dialog and DataStar databases | |
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ProQuest databases | |
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Miscellaneous databases with controlled descriptors | |
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Cross-disciplinary searching | |
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Finding where journals are indexed and which journals are available electronically | |
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Identifying the best journals | |
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Problems with abbreviations of journal titles | |
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The change in cataloging rules for serials | |
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Keyword Searches | |
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Problems with controlled vocabulary searches | |
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Advantages of controlled vocabularies | |
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Problems with keyword searches | |
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Advantages of keywords | |
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Index/Abstractlevel keyword databases and printed sources | |
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Full-text databases | |
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Convenience vs. quality of access | |
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ProQuest databases | |
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EBSCO Host research databases | |
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InfoTrac databases | |
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JSTOR | |
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Project Muse | |
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LexisNexis | |
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Web sites on the open Internet | |
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Search engines | |
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Subject directories | |
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Invisible Web sites | |
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Google Print project | |
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Summary | |
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Citation Searches | |
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Finding where a known source has been footnoted by a subsequent journal article | |
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ISI indexes | |
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Web of Science | |
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Cross-disciplinary coverage | |
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Cycling sources | |
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"Reviews" of journal articles | |
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Additional features of ISI indexes | |
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Citation searching in other databases | |
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Related Record Searches | |
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Finding articles that have footnotes in common with a starting-point article | |
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Examples | |
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Differences between CD-ROM versions and Web of Science | |
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Higher-Level Overviews: Review Articles | |
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"Literature review" or "state of the art" assessments | |
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Differences from book reviews and encyclopedia articles | |
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Web of Science "review" limit capability | |
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Other sources of literature reviews | |
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Published Bibliographies | |
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Differences from computer printouts of sources | |
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Doing Boolean combinations without a computer | |
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Two problems in identifying published bibliographies | |
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Bibliographies not shelved with regular books | |
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Subdivision | |
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"Bibliography" can be missed in library catalog | |
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Finding bibliographies via the library catalog | |
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Finding bibliographies in Z class shelving area | |
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Other sources for finding bibliographies | |
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Guides to the literature | |
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Bibliographies not superseded by computer sources | |
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Boolean Combinations and Search Limitations | |
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Boolean combinations | |
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Component word searching within controlled subject strings | |
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Word truncation | |
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Proximity searches | |
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Limitations of sets | |
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Limiting by time periods | |
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Limiting by geographic area codes | |
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Limiting by document types | |
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Combining keywords and citation searches | |
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Boolean combinations without computers | |
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Precoordinated headings and browse displays | |
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Published subject bibliographies | |
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Focused shelf-browsing | |
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How to identify which databases exist | |
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Locating Material in Other Libraries | |
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Determining library locations of desired items | |
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WorldCat, RLG Union Catalog, National Union Catalog of Pre-1956 Imprints | |
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Other union lists and databases | |
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Web sites for identifying out-of-print books for sale | |
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Determining which libraries have special collections on your subject | |
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Interlibrary loan and document delivery | |
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People Sources | |
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Journalists and academics | |
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Inhibiting assumptions | |
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"Find it on your own" | |
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Advantages of people sources | |
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Listservs and discussion groups online | |
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Techniques for students | |
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Sources for identifying experts | |
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Associations and directories | |
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How to talk to reference librarians | |
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Hidden Treasures | |
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Resources not shelved or cataloged with conventional research materials | |
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Microform sets and counterpart Web sites | |
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Web collections | |
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Government documents | |
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Particular importance of Congressional hearings | |
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Archives, Manuscripts, and Public Records | |
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Special Subjects and Formats | |
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Biography | |
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Book reviews | |
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Business and economics | |
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Copyright status information | |
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Genealogy and local history | |
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Illustrations, pictures, and photographs | |
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Literary criticism | |
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Maps | |
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Newspapers | |
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Out-of-print and secondhand books | |
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Primary sources | |
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Standards and specifications | |
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Statistics | |
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Tabular data | |
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Tests (Psychological and Educational) | |
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Translations | |
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Reference Sources: Searching by Types of Literature | |
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Reference questions vs. research questions | |
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Review of search techniques for research questions | |
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Type of literature searches | |
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Internet sources for fact searches | |
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Coverage of the various types of literature | |
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Understanding the formal properties of retrieval systems | |
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The Discipline of library and information science | |
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Sources for identifying types of literature in any subject area | |
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Concluding thoughts | |
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Wisdom | |