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| Preface | |
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| Principles and Theories | |
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| Moral Reasoning in Bioethics | |
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| Ethics and Bioethics | |
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| Ethics and the Moral Life | |
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| In Depth: Morality and the Law | |
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| Moral Principles in Bioethics | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| Beneficence | |
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| Utility | |
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| Justice | |
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| Ethical Relativism | |
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| In Depth: Anthropology and Moral Diversity | |
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| Ethics and Religion | |
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| Moral Arguments | |
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| Argument Fundamentals | |
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| Patterns of Moral Arguments | |
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| Review: Valid and Invalid Argument Forms | |
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| In Depth: Fallacies in Moral Reasoning | |
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| Evaluating Premises | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bioethics And Moral Theories | |
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| The Nature of Moral Theories | |
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| Influential Moral Theories | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| In Depth: Utilitarianism and the Golden Rule | |
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| Kantian Ethics | |
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| Natural Law Theory | |
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| Rawls' Contract Theory | |
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| Virtue Ethics | |
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| The Ethics of Care | |
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| In Depth: Can Virtue Be Taught? | |
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| Feminist Ethics | |
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| Criteria for Judging Moral Theories | |
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| Review: Evaluating Moral Theories: Criteria of Adequacy | |
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| Applying the Criteria | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Kant's Theory | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Physician and Patient | |
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| Paternalism And Patient Autonomy | |
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| Shades of Autonomy and Paternalism | |
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| Refusing Treatment | |
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| In Depth: The Hippocratic Oath | |
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| Futile Treatment | |
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| Legal Brief: Refusing Treatment for Children on Religious Grounds | |
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| In Depth: CPR and DNR | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Elizabeth Bouvia | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "Paternalism," | |
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| "The Refutation of Medical Paternalism," | |
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| "Why Doctors Should Intervene," | |
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| "Autonomy, Futility, and the Limits of Medicine," | |
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| "Whose Body Is It Anyway?" | |
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| Bouvia v. Superior Court, California Court of Appeal | |
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| "Fundamental Elements of the Patient-Physician Relationship," AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs | |
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| "Code of Ethics for Nurses," American Nurses Association | |
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| Truth-Telling And Confidentiality | |
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| Paternalism and Deception | |
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| In Depth: Do Patients Want the Truth? Do Physicians Tell It? | |
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| Confidential Truths | |
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| Legal Brief: Confidentiality and a Duty to Warn | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Classic Case File: Carols R. | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "Telling the Truth to Patients: A Clinical Ethics Exploration," | |
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| "On Telling Patients the Truth," | |
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| "On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives," | |
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| "Respect for Patients, Physicians, and the Truth," | |
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| "Why Privacy Is Important," | |
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| "Confidentiality in Medicine-A Decrepit Concept," | |
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| Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, Supreme Court of California | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Autonomy and Consent | |
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| Conditions of Informed Consent | |
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| In Depth: Two Views of Informed Consent | |
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| Legal Brief: Important Informed Consent Cases | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Jerry Canterbury | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "The Concept of Informed Consent," | |
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| "Informed Consent-Must It Remain a Fairy Tale?" | |
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| "Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care," | |
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| "Should Informed Consent Be Based on Rational Beliefs?" | |
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| "Informed Consent: Some Challenges to the Universal Validity of the Western Model," | |
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| Canterbury v. Spence, United States Court of Appeals | |
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| Human Research | |
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| The Science of Clinical Trials | |
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| In Depth: The Tuskegee Tragedy | |
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| Beneficence, Science, and Placebos | |
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| Science and Informed Consent | |
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| In Depth: Women in Clinical Trials | |
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| Research on the Vulnerable | |
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| In Depth: Why Enter a Clinical Trial? | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: The UCLA Schizophrenia Study | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| The Nuremberg Code | |
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| Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, World Medical Association | |
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| "The Belmont Report," National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research | |
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| "Final Report: Human Radiation Experiments," Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments | |
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| "Of Mice but Not Men: Problems of the Randomized Clinical Trial," | |
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| "A Response to a Purported Ethical Difficulty with Randomized Clinical Trials Involving Cancer Patients," | |
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| "How to Resolve an Ethical Dilemma Concerning Randomized Clinical Trials," | |
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| "Clinical Trials: Are They Ethical?" | |
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| "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World," | |
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| "Ethical Issues in Clinical Trials in Developing Countries," | |
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| Life and Death | |
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| Abortion | |
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| Starting Point: The Basics | |
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| Fact File: U.S. Abortions | |
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| In Depth: Abortion and Public Opinion | |
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| The Legal Struggle | |
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| Persons and Rights | |
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| In Depth: Late-Term Abortion | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Nancy Klein | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "A Defense of Abortion," | |
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| "Why Abortion Is Immoral," | |
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| "On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion," | |
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| "An Almost Absolute Value in History," | |
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| "Abortion Decisions: Personal Morality," | |
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| "Abortion and the Concept of a Person," | |
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| "In Defense of Abortion and Infanticide," | |
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| "Abortion Through a Feminist Ethic Lens," | |
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| United States Supreme Court | |
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| Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, United States Supreme Court | |
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| Reproductive Technology | |
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| In Vitro Fertilization | |
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| Fact File: Assisted Reproduction | |
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| Surrogacy | |
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| In Depth: IVF and Children's Future Children | |
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| Cloning | |
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| Legal Brief: Surrogacy Contracts and the Law | |
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| In Depth: Cloning Time Line | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Baby M | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "IVF: The Simple Case," | |
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| "IVF and Women's Interests: An Analysis of Feminist Concerns," | |
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| "Give Me Children or I Shall Die!" New Reproductive Technologies and Harm to Children," | |
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| "Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation," Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | |
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| "Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?" | |
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| "On 'Surrogacy," | |
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| "The Wisdom of Repugnance," | |
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| "Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con," | |
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| Opinion in the Matter of Baby M, New Jersey Supreme Court | |
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| Genetic Choices | |
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| Genes and Genomes | |
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| Genetic Testing | |
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| In Depth: Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Fact File: Genetic Tests | |
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| Stem Cells | |
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| In Depth: Recent Research in Gene Therapy | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| Classic Case File: The Kingsburys | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis for the Human Right to Life," | |
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| "Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children Be Immoral?" | |
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| "The Morality of Screening for Disability," | |
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| "Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing," | |
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| "The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms-the Case of Wrongful Handicaps," | |
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| "Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics?," | |
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| "Genetic Enhancement," | |
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| "Germ-Line Gene Therapy," | |
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| "What Does 'Respect for Embryos' Mean in the Context of Stem Cell Research?" | |
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| "Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells," Pontifical Academy for Life | |
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| Euthanasia And Physician-Assisted Suicide | |
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| Deciding Life and Death | |
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| Legal Brief: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Major Developments | |
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| In Depth: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: What Doctors Think and Do | |
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| Autonomy, Mercy, and Harm | |
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| In Depth: Oregon's Death With Dignity Act | |
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| Applying Major Theories | |
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| In Depth: Physician-Assisted Suicide and Public Opinion | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Nancy Cruzan | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia," | |
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| "Voluntary Active Euthanasia," | |
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| "When Self-Determination Runs Amok," | |
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| "When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok," | |
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| "Physician-Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View," | |
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| "Active and Passive Euthanasia," | |
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| "The Distinction Between Refusing Medical Treatment and Suicide," New York State Task Force on Life and the Law | |
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| "The Philosophers' Brief," | |
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| Vacco v. Quill, United States Supreme Court | |
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| Washington v. Glucksberg, United States Supreme Court | |
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| Justice and Health Care | |
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| Dividing Up Health Care Resources | |
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| Health Care in Trouble | |
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| In Depth: Unequal Health Care for Minorities | |
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| Fact File: U.S. Health Care | |
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| Theories of Justice | |
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| A Right to Health Care | |
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| In Depth: Public Opinion: Obtaining Adequate Health Care | |
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| The Ethics of Rationing | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classic Case File: Christine deMeurers | |
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| Cases for Evaluation | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Notes | |
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| Readings | |
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| "Is There a Right to Health Care and, if So, What Does It Encompass?" | |
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| "The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care," | |
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| "Multiculturalism and Just Health Care: Taking Pluralism Seriously," | |
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| "Rights to Health Care, Social Justice, and Fairness in Health Care Allocations: Frustrations in the Face of Finitude," | |
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| "Rationing Fairly: Programmatic Considerations," | |
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| "The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy," | |
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| "QALYfying the Value of Life," | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |