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Chapters 1-10 end with Summary and Conclusion, Glossary, and Bibliography and Further Readings sections | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction: Philosophy | |
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Socrates | |
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From The Clouds | |
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From The Apology; from The Crito | |
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What Is Philosophy? | |
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From The Apology | |
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From Tao Te Ching | |
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A Modern Approach to Philosophy | |
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From Discourse on Method | |
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A Brief Introduction to Logic | |
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Deductive Arguments | |
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Inductive Arguments | |
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Argument by Analogy | |
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Argument by Counter-Example | |
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Reductio ad Absurdum | |
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The Worst Kind of Fallacies | |
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Glossary | |
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Bibliography and Further Reading | |
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The World and Beyond | |
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Reality | |
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"The Way The World Really Is" | |
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The First Philosophers: The "Turning Point of Civilization" | |
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From The "Axial Period" | |
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The Early Greek Philosophers | |
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The Ionian Naturalists | |
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Monism, Materialism, and Immaterial "Stuff" | |
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Heraclitus | |
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Democritus, Atoms, and Pluralism | |
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Animism | |
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Pythagoras | |
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The Appearance/Reality Distinction | |
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Parmenides | |
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The Sophists | |
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Metaphysics | |
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Ultimate Reality in the East: India, Persia, and China | |
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Reality as Spirit: The Upanishads | |
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Reality, Good, and Evil: Zarathustra | |
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Confucius | |
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Lao Tsu, or the Poets of Tao Te Ching | |
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Buddha | |
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The "Fire-Sermon" | |
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Two Kinds of Metaphysics: Plato and Aristotle | |
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Plato | |
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From The Republic; from The Meno | |
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Aristotle | |
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Modern Metaphysics: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz | |
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Rene Descartes | |
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On Substance | |
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Benedictus de Spinoza | |
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From Ethics | |
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Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz | |
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From Monadology | |
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Religion | |
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What is Religion? | |
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From "Gods" | |
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On the Design of the Universe | |
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From "What Is Religion?" | |
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The Western Religions | |
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The Traditional Conception of God | |
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Can We Know That God Exists? | |
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The Ontological Argument | |
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The Ontological Argument | |
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Against the Ontological Argument | |
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The Cosmological Argument | |
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The "Fifth Way" | |
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An Imperfect Universe | |
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Religion, Morality, and Evil | |
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Religion and "Practical Reason" | |
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On God and Morality | |
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From "The Will to Believe" | |
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The Problem of Evil | |
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From Confessions | |
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Hinduism, Buddhism, Karma, and Compassion | |
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D | |
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ibn-Rushd, on the Philosophic Study of God | |
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From The Brothers Karamazov | |
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Faith and Irrationality | |
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God as Experience | |
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From The Deliverance from Error | |
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The Leap of Faith | |
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On Subjective Truth | |
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God as Ultimate Concern | |
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The Ultimate Concern | |
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F | |
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From Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right | |
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From Beyond Good and Evil and The Antichrist | |
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From The Joyful Wisdom | |
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From The Future of an Illusion | |
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Knowledge | |
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From The Problems of Philosophy | |
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From the Theatetus | |
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The Rationalist''s Confidence: Descartes | |
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From "Meditation I"; from "Meditation II"; from "Meditation VI" | |
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Innate Ideas Concerning Human Understanding | |
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From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
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Leibniz''s Rebuttal, from New Essays on the Human Understanding | |
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The Empiricist Theory of Knowledge | |
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From An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
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Common Sense Undone | |
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From the Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge | |
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The Congenial Skeptic | |
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From A Treatise of Human Nature; from the Enquiry | |
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An Ancient Skeptic: Nagarjuna | |
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Double Vision: A Non-Western Feminist Perspective | |
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On Feminist Epistemology | |
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Trutha | |
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Two Kinds of Truth | |
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Analytic Truths | |
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From Metaphysics | |
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From The Critique of Pure Reason | |
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Truths about the World | |
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Theories of Truth | |
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The Coherence Theory | |
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On the Coherence Theory | |
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The Pragmatic Theory | |
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From "How to Make Our Ideas Clear" | |
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On the Pragmatic Theory | |
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The Semantic Theory | |
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From "The Semantic Theory of Truth" | |
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Kant''s Revolution | |
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From Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics | |
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The Battle in Europe after Kant: Relativism and Absolutism | |
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Hegel | |
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From The Phenomenology of Spirit; from Reason in History | |
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Schopenhauer | |
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From The World as Will and Representation | |
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Nietzsche | |
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From Various Works | |
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Phenomeonology | |
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From The 1929 Paris Lectures | |
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Pragmatism, and Feminism: Relativism Reconsidered | |
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From "Solidarity or Objectivity?" | |
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From "Cultural Gaps: Why Do We Misunderstand?" | |
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On Feminist Knowledge | |
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Know Thy Self | |
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Self | |
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Consciousness and the Self: From Descartes to Kant | |
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From "Meditation VI" | |
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On Personal Identity | |
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"There Is No Self" | |
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Against the Soul | |
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"Personal Identity" | |
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Existentialism: Self-Identity and the Responsibility of Choice | |
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On Existentialism; on Bad Faith; from No Exit | |
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The Individual and the Community | |
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On the Dispensability of Consciousness | |
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On "The Public"; on Self and Passion | |
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"Dasein" and the "They" | |
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On Individualism | |
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Voices of Protest | |
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On Being "African"; from "At the Audobon" | |
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From "Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?" | |
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On Androgyny | |
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Beyond "Individualism" | |
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"Spirit" and the Individual | |
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A Retort | |
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On the Social Self | |
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One Self? Any Self? Questioning the Concept of Personal "Essence" | |
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From Steppenwolf | |
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From The Sex Which Is Not One | |
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From "The Man of Reason"From the Dhammapada | |
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Tao Te Ching, 13 | |
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Mind and Bodya | |
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What Is Consciousness? | |
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Rene Descartes, from "Meditation VI"; from "Meditation III" | |
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The Problem of Dualism | |
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The Economist, "A Tour of the Brain" | |
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Rene Descartes, from "The Passions of the Soul" | |
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The Rejection of Dualism | |
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Radical Behaviorism | |
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Logical Behaviorism | |
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"Descartes'' Myth" | |
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The Identity Theory | |
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"Sensations and Brain Processes" | |
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Against the Identity Theory | |
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Eliminative Materialism | |
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On Eliminative Materialism | |
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Functionalism: The Mind and the Computer | |
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From "The Myth of the Computer" | |
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Connectionism | |
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The Problem of Consciousness | |
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On the "Unconscious" | |
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"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" | |
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Changing Our Minds: Holism and Consciousness | |
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From De Anima | |
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From "Does Consciousness Exist?" | |
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Freedoma | |
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Fatalism and Karma | |
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From Oedipus the King | |
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On Fate | |
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Predestination | |
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St. Augustine, On Free Choice of the Will, Book II | |
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From "The Human Ego: Its Freedom and Immortality" | |
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On the Yoruba Ori | |
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From "Freedom of the Will" | |
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Determinism | |
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Hard Determinism | |
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From System of Nature | |
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Determinism versus Indeterminism | |
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On Indeterminism | |
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The Role of Consciousness | |
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Soft Determinism | |
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On Causation and Necessity | |
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On Causation and Character | |
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From "Wiggle Room" | |
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Compulsion and Ignorance | |
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On Voluntary Action | |
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From "What Means This Freedom?" | |
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Conditioning | |
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Beyond Freedom | |
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Beyond Skinner | |
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From A Clockwork Orange | |
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On Coercion of Women''s Sexuality | |
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Freedom in Practice | |
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"Coercion and Moral Responsibility" | |
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"The Dilemma of Negro Americans" | |
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Radical Freedom: Existentialism | |
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From "Absolute Freedom" | |
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From "The Most Advantageous Advantage" | |
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From "Turning on the Television" | |
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The Good and The Beautiful | |
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Ethics | |
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Morality | |
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Is Morality Relative? | |
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