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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modernity | |
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| Eighteenth-century Background | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| The French Revolution | |
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| Restoration and Revolution, 1815-1840 | |
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| The Congress of Vienna, 1814-1815 | |
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| The Persistence of Revolution, 1820-1823 | |
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| Serbian and Greek Independence, 1804-1829 | |
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| The Decembrist Revolt in Russia, 1825 | |
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| The Revolutions of 1830 | |
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| France | |
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| National Independence in Belgium | |
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| Nationalist Revolutions in Poland, Italy, and Germany | |
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| Reform without Revolution: Great Britain | |
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| The Counter Revolution in Russia | |
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| The Lessons of 1830 | |
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| Romanticism | |
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| An Age of Feeling and Poetry, 1790-1830 | |
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| Music | |
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| Painting | |
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| Architecture | |
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| Religion and Philosophy | |
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| Romantic Nationalism and the Return of the Past | |
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| Melodrama and Popular Romanticism | |
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| The Industrial Age Begins | |
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| Industrial Growth | |
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| Precursors: Agriculture, Demography, and Markets | |
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| Momentum | |
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| Trains: The Ultimate Machine | |
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| Why Britain? | |
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| The Challenge of Industrialization | |
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| France | |
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| Germany | |
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| Italy | |
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| Austria | |
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| The Balkans | |
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| ""Core-Periphery"" Industrialization | |
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| Russia | |
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| Social Change and Social Life | |
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| Class | |
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| Population Growth and Redistribution | |
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| Rural Society | |
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| Peasants | |
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| Rural Elites | |
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| Cities | |
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| Workers | |
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| Social Mobility | |
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| Middle Classes | |
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| Religious Minorities | |
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| Ideas and Ideologies | |
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| Conservatism | |
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| Liberalism | |
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| Economic Liberalism | |
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| Utilitarian Liberalism | |
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| Humantarian Liberalism | |
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| Toward Democracy: The Vote | |
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| Socialism | |
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| Utopian Socialism | |
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| Karl Marx and Marxism | |
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| Marxism after 1848 | |
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| Apostles of Violence and Non-Violence | |
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| Anarchists | |
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| Christian Socialists and Christian Democrats | |
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| Mass Political Movements | |
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| The Revolutions of 1848 | |
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| Causes | |
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| Nationalism in the 1840s | |
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| Political Activism | |
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| The Hungry Forties | |
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| The Revolutions of 1848 | |
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| France | |
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| Italy | |
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| Germany | |
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| Austrian Empire | |
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| Great Britain and Russia | |
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| Consequences of 1848 | |
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| Building the Modern Nation-State, 1850-1880 | |
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| The Crimean War | |
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| France: The Second Empire | |
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| Unification of Italy and Germany | |
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| Italy | |
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| Germany | |
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| The Paris Commune | |
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| Germany: The Nation-State | |
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| The Habsburg Empire | |
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| Compromise and the Dual Monarchy | |
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| The Nationality Question under the Dual Monarchy: Austria | |
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| The Nationality Question under the Dual Monarchy: Hungary | |
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| New States in Ottoman Europe | |
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| Poles of Reform | |
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| The Russian Empire and the Great Reforms | |
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| Great Britain and the Cult of Progress | |
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| Realism, Reason, and Respectability | |
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| The Economic Boom and Second Industrial Revolution | |
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| France and Germany | |
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| Russia and Italy | |
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| Austria-Hungary | |
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| Urbanization and Migration | |
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| Respectability | |
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| Darwinism, 1859-1871 | |
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| Realism in the Arts | |
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| Literature | |
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| Music | |
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| Painting | |
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| Sculpture, Monument, Architecture | |
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| Photography | |
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| The Age of Imperialism, 1870-1914 | |
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| Motives for Imperialism | |
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| Money | |
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| Power | |
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| Security | |
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| Ideology | |
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| British Rule in India | |
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| Imperialism in East Asia | |
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| The ""Scramble for Africa"" | |
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| Conflicts in Africa After Partition | |
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| Fashoda | |
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| The Boer War | |
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| Russia: Between Nation and Empire | |
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| Imperialism at Home | |
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| Mass Nationalism and Racism | |
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| Economic and Political Consequences of Imperialism | |
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| Challenges to Modernity, 1890-1914 | |
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| City Life: Fin de siecle and Belle Epoque | |
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| Growth of the Urban Population | |
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| The Workers' Challenge | |
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| The Women's Challenge | |
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| Leisure and Mass Culture | |
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| The Cultural Challenge: Modernism | |
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| Painting | |
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| Music | |
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| The Other Arts | |
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| Modern Scientific Theory: Discontinuity, Randomness, and Relativity | |
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| Social Sciences | |
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| Political Polarization and Conflict, 1870-1914 | |
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| Imperial Germany, 1880-1914 | |
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| Great Britain: Protest on Three Fronts, 1867-1914 | |
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| France: The Third Republic, 1870-1914 | |
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| Italy after Unification, 1870-1914 | |
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| Russian Reaction and Revolution, 1881-1914 | |
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| The Revolution of 1905 | |
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| The Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1867-1914 | |
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| Conflicts among Nationalities | |
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| The Road to War | |