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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Philosophy? | |
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| How Is Philosophy Possible? | |
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| A Survey of the Topics Covered in the Text | |
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| Why Do Philosophy? | |
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| Some Methodological Tools | |
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| Definition and Meaning | |
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| Logic | |
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| Inference to the Best Explanation | |
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| Cognitive Errors | |
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| Methodological Tools at Work | |
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| Logical Definitions Chart | |
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| Theory of Knowledge | |
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| Epistemology and Epistemic Agency | |
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| The General Problem of Skepticism | |
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| Specific Skeptical Problems | |
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| Inference to the Best Explanation | |
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| A Challenge to the Theory of Knowledge | |
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| Misconceptions about the Theory of Knowledge | |
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| The Nature of the External World | |
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| Direct Realism | |
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| Scientific Realism | |
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| Phenomenalism | |
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| A Final Remark on the Debate Between the Realists and the Phenomenalists | |
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| The Mind/Body Problem | |
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| Dualistic Theories | |
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| Materialism | |
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| Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for Materialism | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Misconceptions about the Mind/Body Problem | |
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| Normative Ethics | |
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| Some Problematic Theories of Moral Obligation | |
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| Two Main Approaches to Moral Obligation: Consequentialism and Deontology | |
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| Mixed Theories and What They Show about Normative Ethics | |
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| Metaethics | |
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| Objectivist Theories of Moral Judgments | |
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| Subjectivism | |
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| A Final Assessment of the Dispute Between the Objectivists and Subjectivists | |
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| The Free Will Problem | |
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| Six Theories | |
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| Summary of the Six Theories | |
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| The Four Questions Considered | |
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| The Case for Subjectivism | |
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| Misconceptions about the Free Will Problem | |
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| The Existence of God | |
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| Faith-Based Arguments for the Existence of God | |
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| A Posteriori Arguments for the Existence of God | |
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| An A Priori Argument for the Existence of God: The Ontological Argument | |
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| The Case for Atheism | |
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| The Problem of Evil | |
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| The Best of All Possible Worlds | |
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| Evil as a Necessary Part of Any World | |
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| The Virtue (Soul-Making) Defense | |
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| The Free Will Defense | |
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| Animal Suffering | |
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| A Problem of Goodness? | |
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| A Total Picture | |
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| Philosophy as Worldview Construction | |
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| A Worldview | |
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| The Meaning of Life | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| For Further Reading | |
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| Philosophical Quotes | |
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| Glossary of Philosophical Terms | |
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| Glossary of Names | |
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| Works Cited | |
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| Index | |
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| Chapters 3-10 open with an Introduction | |
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| Chapters 1-10 include Guide Questions | |
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| Review Questions for Examinations | |
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| Discussion Questions, and For Further Reading | |