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| Plato, Socrates, and the Dialogues | |
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| Preliminary | |
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| Approaches to the Dialogues | |
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| Aristotle and the Dialogues | |
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| Why Dialogues? | |
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| Aristotle and Socrates | |
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| The Order of the Dialogues | |
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| Plato's Attitude to Socrates | |
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| Socrates in the History of Greek Ethics | |
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| Socrates' Method | |
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| Socratic Ignorance and Socratic Method | |
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| Uses of the Elenchos | |
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| Socrates' Constructive Method | |
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| The Demand for an Account | |
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| Accounts and Definitions | |
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| Adequate Definitions | |
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| Types of Definition | |
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| Knowledge and Definition | |
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| Difficulties about Socratic Ignorance | |
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| Difficulties in Socratic Method | |
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| Socrates' Arguments about the Virtues | |
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| The Character of the Dialogues | |
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| Common Beliefs | |
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| Happiness | |
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| Virtue | |
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| Virtue and the Virtues | |
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| Action, Character, and Virtue | |
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| The Fine and the Good | |
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| Temperance and Knowledge | |
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| Bravery and Knowledge | |
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| Temperance and the Unity of the Virtues | |
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| Bravery and the Unity of the Virtues | |
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| Justice and the Good of the Agent | |
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| Justice and the Good of Others | |
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| The Guiding Principles of Socratic Inquiry | |
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| The Elenchos and the Search for Definitions | |
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| Socrates' Treatment of Common Beliefs | |
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| Socrates: From Happiness to Virtue | |
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| The Importance of the Euthydemus | |
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| Eudaemonism | |
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| Why Eudaemonism? | |
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| Happiness, Wisdom, and Fortune | |
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| Wisdom and the Correct Use of Assets | |
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| Wisdom as the Only Good | |
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| The Sufficiency of Virtue for Happiness | |
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| Use and Misuse of Knowledge | |
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| Socrates' Defence of His Guiding Principles | |
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| Questions about Socrates' Defence | |
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| Difficulties for Socrates | |
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| The Questions about Happiness | |
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| Is Virtue Instrumental to Happiness? | |
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| Is Virtue a Craft? | |
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| Aristotle on Virtue and Craft | |
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| Aristotle on Production and Action | |
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| Virtues, Crafts, and Instrumental Means | |
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| Why Is Virtue Sufficient for Happiness? | |
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| Virtue, Craft, and Non-Rational Desires | |
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| Implications of an Instrumental View | |
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| The Protagoras | |
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| The Aims of the Dialogue | |
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| Protagoras and Socrates on Virtue | |
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| Preliminary Arguments for the Unity of the Virtues | |
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| The Appeal to Hedonism | |
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| The Denial of Incontinence | |
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| The Last Argument for the Unity of the Virtues | |
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| Questions about Socratic Hedonism | |
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| Eudaemonism and Hedonism | |
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| Advantages of Hedonism | |
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| Hedonism and Instrumentalism | |
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| Hedonism and the Virtues | |
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| Socratic Method in the Protagoras | |
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| The Argument of the Gorgias | |
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| The Main Issues | |
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| Objections to Rhetoric | |
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| Rhetoric and Justice | |
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| Power and Justice | |
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| The Argument with Callicles | |
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| Callicles' Moral Position | |
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| Callicles' Conception of Happiness | |
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| Socrates' Conception of Happiness | |
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| Socrates' Reply to Callicles | |
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| Rhetoric and Pleasure | |
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| Happiness and Rational Order | |
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| Implications of the Gorgias | |
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| Quantitative Hedonism | |
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| Pleasure and Good | |
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| Psychic Order | |
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| Socratic Eudaemonism in the Gorgias | |
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| The Adaptive Conception of Happiness | |
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| Wisdom and Happiness | |
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| Happiness and External Goods | |
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| Happiness, Virtue, and Justice | |
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| The Treatment of the Interlocutor | |
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| The Constructive Use of the Elenchos | |
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| The Contribution of the Gorgias to Socratic Moral Theory | |
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| Socratic Method and Socratic Ethics: The Meno | |
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| Questions about Socratic Method | |
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| Inquiry and Knowledge | |
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| Accounts and Definitions | |
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| Definition, Explanation, and Knowledge | |
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| The Paradox of Inquiry | |
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| A Successful Inquiry | |
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| A Defence of Socratic Inquiry | |
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| Aspects of Recollection | |
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| Virtue as Knowledge: For and Against | |
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| Virtue and Benefit | |
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| Psychological Eudaemonism in the Meno | |
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| Knowledge and Teaching | |
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| Knowledge, Belief, and Socratic Inquiry | |
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| Knowledge, Belief, and Stability | |
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| Knowledge, Belief, and Virtue | |
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| The Meno and Socratic Ethics | |
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| The Theory of Forms | |
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| Socratic Method and Platonic Metaphysics | |
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| Definition and Unity | |
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| Convention and Objectivity | |
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| Epistemological Requirements for a Definition | |
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| Compresence of Opposites | |
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| Compresence and Explanation | |
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| The Form and the 'Many' | |
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| The Role of the Senses | |
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| Sensible Properties | |
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| Objections to the Senses: Types of Flux | |
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| The Senses and the Compresence of Opposites | |
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| Difficulties about Moral Properties | |
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| Definitions and Hypotheses | |
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| Republic I | |
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| The Significance of Book I | |
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| Cephalus | |
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| Polemarchus | |
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| Simonides on Justice | |
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| Thrasymachus' Account | |
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| Objections to Thrasymachus: Rulers and Crafts | |
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| Thrasymachus on Justice and Virtue | |
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| Psychic Order | |
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| The Human Function | |
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| Results of Book I | |
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| Republic II: Objections to Justice | |
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| The Question about Justice | |
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| Justice and Its Consequences | |
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| Gyges' Ring | |
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| The Choice of Lives | |
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| Apparent and Real Justice | |
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| Glaucon, Adeimantus, and Thrasymachus | |
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| The Division of Goods | |
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| The Superiority of Justice | |
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| The Relation of Justice to Happiness | |
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| Virtue and Reliability | |
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| Admiration for Virtue | |
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| Virtue, Knowledge, and Perfection | |
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| Socrates and the Praise of Justice | |
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| Socrates and the Relation of Virtue to Happiness | |
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| Socrates and the Definition of Justice | |
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| Are Plato's Questions Reasonable? | |
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| Republic IV: The Division of the Soul | |
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| The Argument of Book IV | |
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| Plato's Argument for the Division of the Soul | |
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| Conflicts between Desires | |
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| Rational Desires versus Appetites | |
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| Desire and Contrariety | |
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| The Appetitive Part | |
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| The Spirited Part | |
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| The Rational Part | |
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| Reasons for the Tripartition of the Soul | |
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| Parts of the Soul as Agents | |
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| The Unity of a Part of the Soul | |
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| Relations between Parts of the Soul | |
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| Republic IV: The Virtues | |
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| The Division of the Soul and the Account of the Virtues | |
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| Connexions between the Virtues: Bravery | |
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| Connexions between the Virtues: Temperance | |
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| Justice and the Other Virtues | |
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| Is Knowledge Necessary for Virtue? The Political Analogy | |
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| Virtue without Wisdom? | |
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| Knowledge and Stability | |
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| Knowledge, Reasons, and Virtue | |
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| Degrees of Virtue | |
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| Virtue, Knowledge, and Autonomy | |
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| Is Knowledge Sufficient for Virtue? | |
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| The Reciprocity and Unity of the Virtues | |
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| The Republic and the Socratic Dialogues | |
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| Socratic and Platonic Doctrines in Greek Ethics | |
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| Republic IV: Justice and Happiness | |
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| The Questions about Justice | |
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| The Function of the Rational Part | |
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| The Role of Practical Reason | |
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| Socrates on Happiness: Some Objections | |
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| Socrates on Happiness: Some Ambiguities | |
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| Happiness and the Human Function | |
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| Justice and the Human Function | |
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| The Dominance of Justice | |
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| An Objection to Plato's Account of Justice | |
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| Common Views about Justice | |
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| An Answer to Thrasymachus? | |
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| Republic V-VII | |
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| Socratic Definition in the Republic | |
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| The Philosophers and the Sight-Lovers | |
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| The Importance of the Sight-Lovers | |
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| Knowledge and Belief | |
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| Plato's Objection to the Sight-Lovers | |
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| Are the Sight-Lovers Refuted? | |
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| The Sun | |
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| The Form of the Good | |
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| The Divided Line | |
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| The Cave on Belief | |
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| The Cave on Knowledge | |
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| Epistemology and Moral Theory | |
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| Republic VIII-IX on Justice | |
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| The Place of Books VIII-IX | |
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| Sources of Psychic Injustice | |
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| The Decline of the Soul | |
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| Choices in Unjust Souls | |
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| Rational Choices in the Decline of the Soul | |
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| The Rational Part of an Unjust Soul | |
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| The Functions of the Rational Part | |
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| The Rational Part and the Choice of Ends | |
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| The Pleasures of the Rational Part | |
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| The Special Concerns of the Rational Part | |
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| The Good of the Whole Soul | |
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| A Fuller Conception of Psychic Justice | |
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| Platonic Love | |
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| The Questions about Justice and Interest | |
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| Philosophers as Rulers | |
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| The Aims of the Rational Part | |
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| The Puzzles about Love in the Republic | |
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| Aspects of Eros | |
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| Concern for the Future | |
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| Concern for Others | |
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| Propagation and Love of Other Persons | |
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| Platonic Love and Platonic Justice | |
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| The Justice of the Philosopher-Rulers | |
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| Conclusions from the Republic | |
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| Pleasure, Intelligence, and the Good | |
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| The Scope of the Philebus | |
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| The Diversity of Pleasures | |
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| One and Many | |
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| Limit and Unlimited | |
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| Limit and Norm | |
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| Questions about Limit and Unlimited | |
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| The Choice of Pleasures | |
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| False Pleasures | |
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| Better and Worse Pleasures | |
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| The Character of the Good | |
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| Completeness and External Goods | |
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| The Special Role of Intelligence | |
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| Reason and Virtue | |
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| Questions Raised in the Late Dialogues | |
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| The Disunity of the Virtues | |
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| Pleasure and Desire | |
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| Pleasure and Happiness | |
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| Virtue and Happiness | |
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| The Cardinal Virtues | |
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| Wisdom and Virtue | |
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| Conditions for Wisdom | |
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| Notes | |
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| References | |
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| Index Locorum | |
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| Index Nominum | |
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| General Index | |