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| Preface | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Human Nature | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Natural State of Mankind | |
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| Aristotle: The State Exists By Nature | |
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| Thomas Hobbes: The Misery of the Natural Condition of | |
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| John Locke: The State of Nature and the State of War | |
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| Baron de Montesquieu: Fear and Peace | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Noble Savage | |
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| Robert Owen: Man's Character is Formed For Him | |
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| Karl Marx and FriedrichEngels: Man as a Productive Being | |
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| Charles Darwin: Natural Selection | |
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| Charles Darwin: The Advantage of Morality | |
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| Peter Kropotkin: Mutual Aid | |
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| Man's Nature and Woman's Nature | |
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| Plato: Women as Weaker Partners | |
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| Aristotle: Separate Spheres | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Likeness and Unlikeness of the Sexes | |
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| Mary Wollstonecraft: The Rights of Women | |
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| John Stuart Mill: The Subjection of Women | |
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| Carol Gilligan: In a Different Voice | |
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| Alison M Jaggar: Socialist Feminism and The Standpoint of Women | |
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| The Justification of the State | |
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| What is the State? | |
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| John Locke: Political Power | |
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| Max Weber: The State and Coercion | |
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| The Social Contract | |
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| Thomas Hobbes: Creating Leviathan | |
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| John Locke: Express and Tacit Consent | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Natural Freedom and the Freedom of the Citizen | |
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| Immanuel Kant: The Hypothetical Contract | |
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| 2c Against The Social Contract | |
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| David Hume: The Irrelevance of Consent | |
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| Jeremy Bentham: Utility as the True Foundation | |
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| G.W.F Hegel: The Priority of the State over The Individual | |
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| H.L.A. Hart: The Principle of Fairness | |
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| The Anarchist Response | |
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| Michael Bakunin: Science and the People | |
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| Robert Paul Wolff: The Conflict of Autonomy and Authority | |
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| Civil Disobedience | |
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| Plato: The Duty of Obedience | |
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| Henry David Thoreau: The Duty of Disobedience | |
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| Martin Luther King: An Unjust Law is No Law | |
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| John Rawls: Civil Disobedience | |
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| Democracy and Its Difficulties | |
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| Against Democracy | |
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| Plato: Ruling as a Skill | |
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| Frederick the Great: The Enlightened Despot | |
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| Democratic Ideals | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The General Will | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Freedom and Equality | |
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| John Stuart Mill: The Democratic Citizen | |
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| John Rawls: Majority Rule | |
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| True and False Democracy | |
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| V.I. Lenin: Bourgeois and Proletarian Democracy | |
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| Carole Pateman: Participatory Democracy | |
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| Dangers in Democracy | |
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| Aristotle: Rule of the People and Rule of Law | |
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| James Madison: The Danger of Faction | |
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| Alexis de Tocqueville: Tyranny of the Majority | |
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| Democracy and Bureaucracy | |
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| Max Weber: Bureaucratic Administration | |
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| Vilfedo Pareto: Rule By Oligarchy | |
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| Separation of Powers | |
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| John Locke: Legislative, Executive, and Federative Powers | |
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| Baron de Montesquieu: The Ideal Constitution | |
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| Liberty and Rights | |
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| What is Liberty? | |
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| Benjamin Constant: The Liberty of the Ancients and the Liberty of the Moderns | |
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| Isaiah Berlin: Two Concepts of Liberty | |
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| Charles Taylor: In Defence of Positive Freedom | |
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| Ronald Dworkin: No Right to Liberty | |
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| Law and Morality | |
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| John Stuart Mill: One Simple Principle | |
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| James Fitzjames Stephen: The Consequences of Liberty | |
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| Partick Devlin: The Enforcement of Morals | |
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| H.L.A. Hart: The Changing Sense of Morality. | |
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| Toleration and Free Expression | |
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| John Locke: The Futility of Intolerance | |
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| Thomas Scanlon: Free Expression and the Authority of the State | |
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| Jeremy Waldron: The Satanic Verses | |
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| Catherine MacKinnon: Only Words | |
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| Virtue and Citizenship | |
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| Pericles: The Democratic Citizen | |
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| Aristotle: The Requirements of Citizenship | |
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| Niccolo Machiavelli: The Servility of the Moderns | |
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| Alexis de Tocqueville: The Nature of Modern Servitude | |
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| Quentin Skinner: The Republican Ideal of Political Liberty | |
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| Rights | |
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| Jeremy Bentham: Nonsense on Stilts | |
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| Karl Marx: The Rights of Egoistic Man | |
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| Robert Nozick: Rights as Side-Constraints | |
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| Ronald Dworkin: Taking Rights Seriously | |
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| Punishment | |
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| John Stuart Mill: In Favour of Capital Punishment | |
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| H.L.A. Hart: Punishment and Responsibility | |
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| Robert Nozick: Where Deterrence Theory Goes Wrong | |
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| Economic Justice | |
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| Private Property | |
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| John Locke: Labour as the Basis of Property | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Earth Belongs to Nobody | |
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| G.W.F Hegel: Property as Expression | |
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| Herbert Spencer: The Right to the Use of the Earth | |
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| Karl Marx: Money, the Universal Whore | |
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| Karl Marx: The True Foundation of Private Property | |
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| Sigmund Freud: Property and Aggression | |
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| R.H. Tawney: Reaping Without Sowing | |
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| Robert Nozick: Difficulties With Mixing Labour | |
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| The Market | |
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| Adam Smith: The Dangers of Government Interference | |
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| Karl Marx: Appearance and Reality | |
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| F.A. Hayek: Prices as A Code | |
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| Milton Friedman and Rose Friedman: The Tyranny of Controls | |
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| G.A. Cohen: Poverty as Lack of Freedom | |
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| Theories of Distributive Justice | |
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| Aesop: The Grasshopper and the Ants | |
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| Aristotle: Reciprocity | |
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| Aristotle: Equality and Inequality | |
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| Gerald Winstanley: The Common Stock | |
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| David Hume: The Impossibility of Equality | |
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| Karl Marx: From Each According to His Abilities, To Each According to His Needs | |
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| Edward Bellamy: Looking Backward | |
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| F.A. Hayek: The Impossibility of Planning | |
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| John Rawls: Two Principles of Justice | |
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| Robert Nozick: The Entitlement Theory | |
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| Ronald Dworkin: Equality of Resources | |
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| Justice Between Groups | |
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| Peace and War | |
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| Immanuel Kant: Perpetual Peace | |
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| Richard Cobden: The Civilizing Influence of Commerce | |
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| Michael Walzer: Just and Unjust War | |
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| Thomas Nagel: The Limits of Warfare | |
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| Nationalism | |
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| Isaiah Berlin: National Sentiment | |
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| Alasdair MacIntyre: Is Patriotism a Virtue? | |
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| Minority Rights | |
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| Thomas Hill: The Message of Affirmative Action | |
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| Avishai Margalit and Joseph Raz: National Self-Determination | |
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| Intergenerational Justice | |
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| Brian Barry: Justice Between Generations' | |
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| International Justice | |
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| Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence and Morality | |
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| Onora O'Neill: Lifeboat Earth | |
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| Alternatives to Liberalism | |
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| Liberal Theory Under Strain | |
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| Jurgen Habermas: Legitimation Crisis | |
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| Michael Walzer: Liberalism in Retreat | |
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| Michael Walzer: The Artificiality of Liberalism | |
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| Conservatism | |
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| Edmund Burke: Eternal Society | |
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| T.S. Eliot: The Transmission of Culture | |
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| Michael Oakeshott: On Being Conservative | |
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| Communitarianism | |
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| Charles Taylor: Identificiation and Subjectivity | |
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| Alasdair MacIntyre: Tradition and the Unity of a Life | |
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| Michael Sandel: Conceptions of Community | |
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| Socialism | |
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| Karl Marx: Work in Communist Society | |
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| Karl Marx: The Communist Manifesto | |
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| Karl Marx: The Realm of Freedom | |
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| Oscar Wilde: The Soul of Man Under Socialism | |
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| Ernest Mandel: Productive Activity | |
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| G.A. Cohen: Socialism and Equality of Opportunity | |
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| Post-Modernism | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche:The Impulse Towards Justice | |
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| Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge | |
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| Richard Rorty: The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy | |
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| Progress and Civilization | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Effect of the Arts and Sciences | |
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| Adam Smith: Division of Labour | |
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| Friedrich Schiller: Fragmentation and Aesthetic Education | |
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| Karl Marx: Development of the Productive Forces | |
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| Fyodor Dostoyevsky: Our Self-Destructive Impulse | |
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| Friedrich Engels: Transition to Communism | |
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| Max Weber: Disenchantment | |
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| Karl Popper: The Utopian Method | |
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| Francis Fukuyama: The End of History | |
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| Appendix: Fundamental Political Documents | |
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| U.S. Declaration of Independence 1776 | |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 1789 | |
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| The Bill of Rights 1789 | |
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| The Gettysburg Address 1863 | |
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| United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 | |