| |
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| Invitation and Acknowledgments | |
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| Modern Philosophy Begins: Rebuilding Foundations | |
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| The New Scientists: Bacon, Galileo, Newton | |
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| The Shifting | |
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| Philosophy | |
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| The Empirical Tradition | |
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| |
| Sir Francis Bacon: "All Knowledge Is My Province" | |
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| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| Idols of the Mind | |
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| The Instauratio Magna | |
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| The Baconian Legacy | |
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| Galileo Galilei of Padua: "The Noblest Eye Is Darkened" | |
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| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| The Heavens | |
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| Scientist and Heretic | |
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| Motion | |
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| Empiricism | |
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| Mathematics | |
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| Qualities | |
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| Experiment | |
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| Inquisition | |
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| "The Noblest Eye Is Darkened" | |
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| Postcript | |
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| Sir Isaac Newton: "I Stand on the Shoulders of Giants" | |
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| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| The Latter Years | |
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| The New Scientific Worldview | |
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| The New Cosmology | |
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| The New Theology | |
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| The New Humanism | |
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| The New Philosophy of History | |
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| The New Epistemology | |
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| |
| |
| The Continental Rationalists: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and Pascal | |
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| |
| The Rationalist Tradition | |
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| Rene Descartes: Je pense, donc je suis | |
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| The Dreams | |
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| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| Writings | |
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| Women | |
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| The Method | |
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| Methodical Doubt | |
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| Axioms | |
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| Cogito, Ergo Sum | |
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| God Exists | |
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| Material Objects | |
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| Two Substances | |
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| Polymath | |
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| Decartes's God | |
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| Comment | |
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| Impact | |
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| |
| Baruch Spinoza: The Prince of Rationalists | |
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| Philosopher | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| |
| Marranos | |
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| The Man | |
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| |
| Geometrician | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Philosopher | |
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| |
| Metaphysics | |
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| |
| Metaphysics | |
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| |
| Metaphysics | |
| |
| |
| Epistemology: Three Kinds of Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Ethics: Three Grades of Pleasure | |
| |
| |
| Metaphysics/Ethics: Determinism and Free Will | |
| |
| |
| Epistemology/Ethics: The Subjective and the Real | |
| |
| |
| Psychology/Ethics: Emotions and Passions | |
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| |
| Ethics: "Fate Is a Friend" | |
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| |
| Psychology/Ethics: The Paradox of Freedom | |
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| |
| Politics: The State | |
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| |
| Epistemology: Coherence | |
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| Ethics | |
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| |
| Coda | |
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| Comment | |
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| |
| Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz: The Universal Genius | |
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| The Man | |
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| |
| The Nature of Reality | |
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| |
| Time, Space, and Motion | |
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| |
| Arguments for God | |
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| |
| The Best of All Possible Worlds | |
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| |
| Blaise Pascal: The Heart Has Its Reasons | |
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| Reason and Faith | |
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| |
| The Man | |
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| Head and Heart | |
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| |
| The Wager | |
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| |
| Anti-Intellect | |
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| |
| From Bruno to Dryden | |
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| |
| The Introspective Empiricists: Locke, Berkeley, and Hume | |
| |
| |
| The Eighteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| John Locke: "Thought Trying to Catch Its Own Tail" | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
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| The Man | |
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| |
| Oates Manor | |
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| Personal | |
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| Writings | |
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| Locke's Essay | |
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| There Are No Innate Ideas | |
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| |
| White Paper | |
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| Theory of Language | |
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| |
| General Ideas | |
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| |
| Political Philosophy | |
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| |
| Bishop George Berkeley: The Irish Immaterialist | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
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| The Man | |
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| Materialism | |
| |
| |
| Immaterialism | |
| |
| |
| Ramifications | |
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| |
| Berkeley's Empiricism | |
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| |
| The Sciences | |
| |
| |
| God's Messages | |
| |
| |
| Coda: "Dear Sir ..." | |
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| |
| David Hume: The Science of Man | |
| |
| |
| Experimental Method | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Writings | |
| |
| |
| Perceptions | |
| |
| |
| Perception, Coherence, and Reality | |
| |
| |
| A Bundle of Perceptions | |
| |
| |
| Causality | |
| |
| |
| Abstractions | |
| |
| |
| Morality | |
| |
| |
| Politics | |
| |
| |
| Religion | |
| |
| |
| Miracles | |
| |
| |
| Immortality | |
| |
| |
| Animal Minds | |
| |
| |
| Skepticism | |
| |
| |
| Common Sense and Sanity | |
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| |
| |
| Immanuel Kant: The Copernican Revolution of the Mind | |
| |
| |
| Quicksand | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Revolution | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Personal | |
| |
| |
| Later Years | |
| |
| |
| Writings | |
| |
| |
| The Critiques | |
| |
| |
| Transcendental Philosophy: The First Critique | |
| |
| |
| Judgments | |
| |
| |
| Transcendental Aesthetic: Apriori Space and Time | |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Mind | |
| |
| |
| Perception and Reality | |
| |
| |
| Transcendental Dialectic: The Antinomies | |
| |
| |
| The Second Critique | |
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| |
| Transcendental Ethics | |
| |
| |
| The Third Critique | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nineteenth-Century Philosophy: A Philosophy for Every Season | |
| |
| |
| |
| G. W. F. Hegel of Berlin | |
| |
| |
| The Nineteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| G. W. F. Hegel: "Reason Directs the World" | |
| |
| |
| The System | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Tubingen | |
| |
| |
| Berne | |
| |
| |
| Frankfurt Am Main | |
| |
| |
| Jena | |
| |
| |
| Bamberg | |
| |
| |
| Major Concepts in the Phenomenology | |
| |
| |
| Three Corollaries | |
| |
| |
| Nuremberg | |
| |
| |
| Heidelberg | |
| |
| |
| Berlin | |
| |
| |
| Posthumous Publications | |
| |
| |
| Final Years | |
| |
| |
| |
| Soren Kierkegaard of Copenhagen | |
| |
| |
| Hegel's Legacy | |
| |
| |
| Soren Kierkegaard: "I Smile with One Face, I Weep with the Other" | |
| |
| |
| Anguish | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Writings | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charles Darwin of Kent | |
| |
| |
| Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Inventory | |
| |
| |
| Where Things Stood | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Consilience | |
| |
| |
| The Origin of Species | |
| |
| |
| Personal | |
| |
| |
| Final Years | |
| |
| |
| After Darwin | |
| |
| |
| Addenda and Perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
| Karl Marx of London | |
| |
| |
| Untamed | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Prophetic Tradition | |
| |
| |
| Paris | |
| |
| |
| Brussels | |
| |
| |
| Paris and Cologne | |
| |
| |
| London 1850-1864 | |
| |
| |
| London 1864-1883 | |
| |
| |
| The International | |
| |
| |
| Paris Commune | |
| |
| |
| Final Decade | |
| |
| |
| From Earth to Heaven (Not Vice Versa) | |
| |
| |
| The Young Hegelians | |
| |
| |
| History | |
| |
| |
| Teleological Drama | |
| |
| |
| Alienation | |
| |
| |
| Truth | |
| |
| |
| The Classless Society | |
| |
| |
| |
| Friedrich Nietzsche of Saxony | |
| |
| |
| Loneliness | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| First Years | |
| |
| |
| The School Years | |
| |
| |
| The Teaching Years | |
| |
| |
| Early Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Prophet Zarathustra | |
| |
| |
| The Eternal Cycle Returns | |
| |
| |
| Last Writings | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Death | |
| |
| |
| The Nietzsche Myth | |
| |
| |
| In Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| One American Naturalist: Henry David Thoreau of Concord and Walden Pond | |
| |
| |
| Meditation | |
| |
| |
| The Individual | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Experiment | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Walden Pond | |
| |
| |
| The Traveler | |
| |
| |
| Aloneness and Healing | |
| |
| |
| "If I Am Not I, Who Will Be?" | |
| |
| |
| Final Years | |
| |
| |
| |
| Twentieth-Century Philosophy: In Search of Vocation | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Twentieth-Century Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| At a Banquet | |
| |
| |
| Major Streams of Thought | |
| |
| |
| Pragmatism | |
| |
| |
| Existentialism | |
| |
| |
| Analytic Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Other Twentieth-Century Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| A Random Gathering | |
| |
| |
| Aristotelian Wonderment and Modern Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
| The American Pragmatists | |
| |
| |
| Pragmatism | |
| |
| |
| Charles Peirce: Metaphysics and Moonshine | |
| |
| |
| Without Oxygen | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Origins of Pragmatism | |
| |
| |
| Theory of Meaning | |
| |
| |
| William James: Truth Happens to an Idea | |
| |
| |
| The Family | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Turning Point | |
| |
| |
| Pragmatic Belief | |
| |
| |
| Pragmatic Truth | |
| |
| |
| Truth and Consequences | |
| |
| |
| Radical Empiricism | |
| |
| |
| Harvard Professor | |
| |
| |
| John Dewey: The Reconstruction of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Quest for Light | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Darwin's Breakthrough | |
| |
| |
| Comment on Style | |
| |
| |
| |
| The British Analysts | |
| |
| |
| Rise of Analytic Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Bertrand Russell: The Creation of Philosophical Logic | |
| |
| |
| Three Passions | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy and Writings | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy through His Books | |
| |
| |
| Coda | |
| |
| |
| Ludwig Wittgenstein: Dissolving the Riddles of Language | |
| |
| |
| "I Think Not Stupid" | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Philosophy as Method | |
| |
| |
| The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | |
| |
| |
| Benediction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Albert Schweitzer of Lambarene | |
| |
| |
| We Have No Right | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| University | |
| |
| |
| Historical Reconstruction | |
| |
| |
| The Messiah | |
| |
| |
| Preparations | |
| |
| |
| Lambarene | |
| |
| |
| What Is Civilization? | |
| |
| |
| The Iron Door | |
| |
| |
| Reverence for Life | |
| |
| |
| Europe and Africa | |
| |
| |
| |
| Henri Bergson of Paris | |
| |
| |
| Charismatic | |
| |
| |
| On Criticism | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Spencer | |
| |
| |
| Two Ways of Knowing | |
| |
| |
| Two Kinds of Time | |
| |
| |
| Duration and Experience | |
| |
| |
| Evolution | |
| |
| |
| Morality and Religion | |
| |
| |
| Code and Instruction Manual | |
| |
| |
| |
| The French Existentialists | |
| |
| |
| Life | |
| |
| |
| Albert Camus: "When Day Tumbles into Night" | |
| |
| |
| Resistance | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Algiers | |
| |
| |
| Wartime Paris | |
| |
| |
| Aftermath | |
| |
| |
| Fame | |
| |
| |
| Sisyphus | |
| |
| |
| The Absurd | |
| |
| |
| Morality and the Absurd | |
| |
| |
| Jean-Paul Sartre: "You Are Free, Therefore Choose ..." | |
| |
| |
| Obscure | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| The Lecture | |
| |
| |
| Human Reality | |
| |
| |
| Two Modes of Being | |
| |
| |
| Mauvaise Foi | |
| |
| |
| Coda | |
| |
| |
| |
| Philosophy in the Age of Science: Securing Empirical Foundations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overture to the Empirical Century | |
| |
| |
| The Golden Age of the Empirical Sciences | |
| |
| |
| The Three Great Streams of Discovery | |
| |
| |
| Physics | |
| |
| |
| Biology | |
| |
| |
| Psychology | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Twentieth-Century Physicists: Albert Einstein of Zurich and the Quantum Physicists | |
| |
| |
| The Kijker | |
| |
| |
| Albert Einstein: "Blazing Rockets in the Dark of Night" | |
| |
| |
| The Wonder Year | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Einstein and Physics | |
| |
| |
| Einstein and Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Quantum Universe | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Depth Psychologists | |
| |
| |
| The Mind Scientists | |
| |
| |
| The Study of the Soul: Paradigm and Variations | |
| |
| |
| The Puzzlement | |
| |
| |
| Precritical Psychology | |
| |
| |
| Critical Psychology | |
| |
| |
| Sigmund Freud: Disturbing the World's Sleep | |
| |
| |
| Empirical Psychology | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Unconscious | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice | |
| |
| |
| Growth of the Psychoanalytic Movement | |
| |
| |
| The Tragic Year | |
| |
| |
| Carl Gustav Jung: Rediscovering the Individual | |
| |
| |
| Freud Versus Jung | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| Two Kinds of Thinking | |
| |
| |
| Nature of the Unconscious | |
| |
| |
| |
| Arnold Toynbee and the Synoptic Vision | |
| |
| |
| Idiot's Tale | |
| |
| |
| Patterns | |
| |
| |
| Progress | |
| |
| |
| Arnold Toynbee and the Synoptic Vision | |
| |
| |
| Olympian | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| A Study of History | |
| |
| |
| The Egocentric Illusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Joseph Campbell and the Mythic Journey | |
| |
| |
| De Profundis | |
| |
| |
| In the History of Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| The Man | |
| |
| |
| The Masks of God | |
| |
| |
| The Hero's Journey | |
| |
| |
| World Transition | |
| |
| |
| The Human Quest | |
| |
| |
| Affirmation | |
| |
| |
| Lexicon | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Index | |