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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Porosity of Reservoir Rocks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Total Porosity and Effective Porosity | |
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| Sources of Porosity Data | |
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| Applications of Porosity Data | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Permeability and Relative Permeability | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sources of Permeability Data | |
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| Relative Permeability | |
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| Sources of Relative Permeability Data | |
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| Three-Phase Relative Permeability | |
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| Applications of Permeability and Relative Permeability Data | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Reservoir Fluid Saturations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Determination of Water Saturations | |
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| Determination of Reservoir Productive Intervals | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) Properties of Reservoir Fluids | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Phase Diagrams | |
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| Gas and Gas-Condensate Properties | |
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| Pseudo-critical Properties of Gas Mixtures | |
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| Wet Gas and Gas Condensate | |
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| Correlations for Gas Compressibility Factor | |
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| Gas Formation Volume Factor (FVF) | |
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| Gas Density | |
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| Gas Viscosity | |
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| Gas Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility | |
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| Correlations for Calculation of Oil PVT Properties | |
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| Correlations for Calculation of Water PVT Properties | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Reservoir Fluid Sampling and PVT Laboratory Measurements | |
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| Overview of Reservoir Fluid Sampling | |
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| Reservoir Type and State | |
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| Well Conditioning | |
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| Subsurface Sampling Methods and Tools | |
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| Wireline Formation Testers | |
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| PVT Laboratory Measurements | |
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| Applications of Laboratory PVT Measurements | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Typical Reservoir Fluid Study for a Black Oil Sample | |
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| Reservoir Fluid Summary | |
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| Calculated Analysis of Reservoir Fluid | |
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| Pressure-Volume Properties at 212°F (Constant Composition Expansion) | |
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| Differential Liberation at 212°F | |
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| Gas Differentially Liberated at 212°F | |
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| Viscosity Data at 212°F | |
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| Comparison of Reservoir Oil Flash Liberation Tests | |
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| Typical Reservoir Fluid Study for a Gas Condensate Sample | |
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| Summary of Reservoir Data and Surface Sampling Conditions | |
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| Chromatograph Analysis of Separator Gas at 1140 psig and 92°F | |
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| Chromatograph Analysis of Separator Liquid at 1140 psig and 92°F | |
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| Composition of Reservoir Fluid (Calculated) | |
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| Measured Saturation Pressures from Stepwise Recombinations at 267°F | |
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| Pressure-Volume Properties of Reservoir Fluid at 267°F (or CCE) | |
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| Depletion Study at 267°F: Hydrocarbon Analyses of Produced Wellstream (Mole %) | |
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| Retrograde Condensation During Gas Depletion at 267°F | |
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| PVT Properties Predictions from Equations of State | |
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| Historical Introduction to Equations of State (EOS) | |
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| Van der Waals (vdW) EOS | |
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| Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS | |
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| Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS | |
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| Phase Equilibrium of Mixtures | |
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| Roots from Cubic EOS | |
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| Volume Translation | |
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| Two-Phase Flash Calculation | |
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| Bubble Point and Dew Point Pressure Calculations | |
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| Characterization of Hydrocarbon Plus Fractions | |
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| Phase Equilibrium Predictions with Equations of State | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Superscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| The General Material Balance Equation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Derivation of the General Material Balance Equation (GMBE) | |
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| The GMBE for Gas Reservoirs | |
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| Discussion on the Application of the GMBE | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| Gas Reservoirs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Volumetric Gas Reservoirs | |
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| Gas Reservoirs with Water Influx | |
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| Water Influx Models | |
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| Geopressured Gas Reservoirs | |
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| Case Histories of Two Gas Reservoirs | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Correlations for Estimating Residual Gas Saturations for Gas Reservoirs under Water Influx | |
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| Dimensionless Pressure for Finite and Infinite Aquifers | |
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| Dimensionless Pressure for Infinite Aquifers | |
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| Oil Reservoirs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Oil Reservoir Drive Mechanisms | |
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| Gravity Drainage Mechanism | |
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| Volumetric Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs | |
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| Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs with Water Influx | |
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| Volumetric Saturated Oil Reservoirs | |
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| Material Balance Approach for Saturated Oil Reservoirs with Water Influx | |
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| Case History of Manatee Reservoirs | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fluid Types | |
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| Definition of Fluid Flow Regimes | |
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| Darcy Fluid Flow Equation | |
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| Radial Forms of the Darcy Equation | |
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| Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Radial Form | |
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| Derivation of Radial Diffusivity Equation for Slightly Compressible Fluids | |
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| Solutions of the Radial Diffusivity Equation for Slightly Compressible Fluids | |
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| Derivation of the Radial Diffusivity Equation for Compressible Fluids | |
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| Transformation of the Gas Diffusivity Equation with Real Gas Pseudo-Pressure Concept | |
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| The Superposition Principle | |
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| Well Productivity Index | |
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| Well Injectivity Index | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Chart for Exponential Integral | |
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| Tabulation of pD vs tD for Radial Flow, Infinite Reservoirs with Constant Terminal Rate at Inner Boundary | |
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| Tabulation of pD vs tD for Radial Flow, Finite Reservoirs with Closed Outer Boundary and Constant Terminal Rate at Inner Boundary | |
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| Tabulation of pD vs tD for Radial Flow, Finite Reservoirs with Constant Pressure Outer Boundary and Constant Terminal Rate at Inner Boundary | |
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| Tabulation of QD vs tD for Radial Flow, Infinite Reservoirs with Constant Terminal Pressure at Inner Boundary | |
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| Tabulation of QD vs tD for Radial Flow, Finite Reservoirs with Closed Outer Boundary and Constant Terminal Pressure at Inner Boundary | |
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| Well Test Analysis: Straightline Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic Concepts in Well Test Analysis | |
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| Line Source Well, Infinite Reservoir Solution of the Diffusivity Equation with Skin Factor | |
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| Well Test Analyses with Straightline Methods | |
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| Special Topics in Well Test Analyses | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Well Test Analysis: Type Curves | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Are Type Curves? | |
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| Gringarten Type Curves | |
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| Unit-Slope Line | |
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| Bourdet Derivative Type Curves | |
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| Agarwal Equivalent Time | |
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| Type-Curve Matching | |
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| Procedures for Manual Application of Type-Curve Matching in Well Test Analysis | |
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| Stages of the Type-Curve Matching Procedures | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| Characteristic Shapes of Pressure and Pressure-Derivative Curves for Selected Well, Reservoir, and Boundary Models | |
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| Buildup Test Data for Example 12.1 | |
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| Calculation of Pressure Derivatives | |
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| Well Test Analysis: Hydraulically Fractured Wells and Naturally Fractured Reservoirs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hydraulically Fractured Wells | |
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| Definition of Dimensionless Variables for Fractured Wells | |
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| Flow Regimes in Fractured Wells | |
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| Fractured Well Flow Models | |
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| Fractured Well Test Analysis: Straightline Methods | |
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| Fractured Well Test Analysis: Type-Curve Matching | |
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| Naturally Fractured Reservoirs | |
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| Naturally Fractured Reservoir Models | |
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| Well Test Analysis in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Based on Double Porosity Model | |
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| Well Test Analysis in NFRs: Straightline Method s | |
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| Well Test Analysis in NFRs: Type Curves | |
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| Procedure for Analysis of Well Test from NFRs Assuming Double Porosity Behavior | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Well Test Analysis: Deconvolution Concepts | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is Deconvolution? | |
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| The Pressure-Rate Deconvolution Mod el | |
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| Application of Deconvolution to Pressure-Rate Data | |
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| Examples on the Application of the von Schroeter Deconvolution Algorithm to Real Well Test Data | |
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| General Guidelines for Application of von Schroeter Deconvolution Algorithm to Pressure-Rate Data from Well Tests | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Immiscible Fluid Displacement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic Concepts in Immiscible Fluid Displacement | |
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| Fractional Flow Equations | |
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| The Buckley-Leverett Equation | |
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| The Welge Method | |
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| Summary | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Secondary Recovery Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Waterflooding | |
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| Gasflooding | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Enhanced Oil Recovery | |
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| Introduction | |
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| EOR Processes | |
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| EOR Screening Criteria | |
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| Miscible Gas Injection Processes | |
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| Methods for Determination of MMP or MME for Gasfloods | |
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| Types of Miscible Gas Flooding | |
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| Chemical Flooding Processes | |
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| Thermal Processes | |
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| Implementation of EOR Projects | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Geologic Modeling and Reservoir Characterization | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sources of Data for Geologic Modeling and Reservoir Characterization | |
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| Data Quality Control and Quality Assurance | |
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| Scale and Integration of Data | |
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| General Procedure for Geologic Modeling and Reservoir Characterization | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Reservoir Simulation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Rectangular Form | |
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| Flow Equations for Three-Phase Flow of Oil, Water, and Gas | |
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| Basic Concepts, Terms, and Methods in Reservoir Simulation | |
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| General Structure of Flow Reservoir Models | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Subscripts | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Reservoir Management | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reservoir Management Principles | |
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| Case Histories Demonstrating Applications of Reservoir Management Principles | |
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| References | |
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| General Reading | |
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| Index 745 | |