Modern China Continuity and Change, 1644 to the Present

Name: Modern China Continuity and Change, 1644 to the Present
Availability: OutOfStock
ISBN: 9780136000600

ISBN-10: 0136000606

ISBN-13: 9780136000600

Edition: 2010

Authors: Bruce Elleman, S. C. M. Paine

List price: $89.80

30 day, 100% satisfaction guarantee!

Out of stock

We're sorry. This item is currently unavailable.

what's this?

Rush Rewards U
Members Receive:

You have reached 400 XP and carrot coins. That is the daily max!

Description:

Why another book on China? Four reasons: This book places a special emphasis on Chinarsquo;s culture, warfare, and immediate neighbors, while its organization provides structural convenience not found in other surveys of modern Chinese history. First, this book uses a comparative approach to bridge the cultural divide separating Chinese history from Western readers trying to understand it. It compares the embedded assumptions, patterns of analysis, and primary values that distinguish these two great civilizations, not to suggest the superiority of either; but rather, to reach a Western audience, who may be unaware that many of their core assumptions and values are not shared by others. This… is not an attempt to understand China in its own terms, but in comparison to the West so as to bridge the cultural divide. Second, this book emphasizes the tragic role of warfare in Chinese history. Far more so than in most other countries, warfare has wracked Chinese society for the last two centuries: A cascade of internal rebellions, secession movements, and civil and foreign wars continued with only short interruptions from 1800 until the death of Mao Zedong in 1976. On a human level, it is incumbent on this and succeeding generations not to forget the holocaust that has been a hallmark of modern Chinese history. Third, all too often the study of China has been done in semi-isolation from its neighbors. The authors of this book have spent years living not only in China and Taiwan, but also in Russia and Japan, and have visited South Korea, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Modern Chinese history cannot be understood without a deep appreciation of the foreign influence that has bombarded China from all sides. Western texts generally give due attention to the Western European powers and to the United States. Some devote time to discussing the Japanese influence. None gives adequate attention to the activities of Russia. Most Western Sinologists do not read Russian, nor do most Chinese secondary sources emphasize Russiarsquo;s extensive influence because Russian diplomats from the 19 th century onward consistently succeeded in promoting their countryrsquo;s national interests at Chinese expense. On a human level, this is not a story many Chinese want to tell. On a national level, Sino-Russian relations are so central to Chinarsquo;s national security that the topic is generally classified. The authors learned about Russo-Chinese relations from years of research in the archives of Russia, China, Taiwan, Japan, and the United States reading materials covering Russo-Chinese diplomatic relations from the 18 th through the 20 th centuries.

Book details

List price: $89.80
Copyright year: 2010
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR
Publication date: 12/17/2009
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 528
Size: 8.00" wide x 9.75" long x 1.00" tall
Weight: 1.980
Language: English



Contents


List of Maps


List of Features


List of Tables


Preface


Acknowledgments


Technical Note


About the Authors


Introduction A Cultural Framework for Understanding China



Top-down Characteristics: Confucianism, Militarism, Legalism, and Sinification



Radial Characteristics: Sinocentrism, Barbarian Management, and the Provincial System



Bottom-up Characteristics: Daoism, Buddhism, and Poetry



Cyclical Elements: Yin and Yang, the Dynastic Cycle, and Historical Continuity



Retrospective Elements: Fate and the Sources of Knowledge


Conclusions



The Creation and Maturation of an Empire, 1644ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1842



The Creation of the Qing Dynasty



The Ming Dynasty



The Qing Conquest of Ming China: Nurgaci and His Successors



Grafting the Manchus onto Han China under the Shunzhi Emperor



Territorial Consolidation under the Kangxi Emperor



Institutional Consolidation under the Yongzheng Emperor


Conclusions



The Maximization of Empire under the Qianlong Emperor



The Conquest of the Zunghar Mongols



The Conquest of the Tarim Basin and Tibet



Qing Imperial Administration: the Tributary System



Domestic Administration: Central and Local Government



The Economy of an Empire: Agriculture, Commerce, and Taxation


Conclusions



Chinese Society at the Zenith of the Qing Dynasty



Manchu and Han Society



The Four Social Groups: Scholars, Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants



The Legal System



Confucianism as an Ideology



Shamanism, Confucianism, and Buddhism as Instruments of Manchu Rule


Conclusions



The Foundations of Knowledge



Fidelity to the Past



The Confucian Classics



Thinking by Historical Analogy



Understanding the Natural World



The Examination System


Conclusions



The Arrival of the West



Early Explorers



The Maritime Advance: Portugal, Spain, Holland, and England



The Continental Advance: Russia



The Legal and Religious Sources of Cultural Conflict



The Technological Revolution


Conclusions



Systemic Crisis and Dynastic Decline



Government Corruption and Manchu Decadence



Population Growth, Ethnic Tensions, and the Miao Revolt



The White Lotus Rebellion and the Eight Trigrams Revolt



Imperial Overextension



Qing Attempts to Restore Governmental Efficacy


Conclusions



Expanding Commercial Relations with the West



The Tea Trade and the Silver Inflow



The Opium Trade and the Silver Outflow



The British Rejection of Sinification



Chinese Strategy and the First Opium War



The Treaty of Nanjing: Treaty Ports, Tariffs, and North South Tensions


Conclusions



Dynastic Decline and Collapse, 1842ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½1911



Civil War and Foreign Intervention



North South Tensions and the Origins of the Taiping Rebellion



The Taiping Movement



The Taiping Capital in Nanjing



The Arrow War



Manchu Western Cooperation to Destroy the Taipings


Conclusions



Quelling Domestic Rebellions



The Rise of the Empress Dowager Cixi



The Nian Rebellion (1851 68)



The Panthay Rebellion (1855 73)



The Donggan Rebellion (1862 73)



The Muslim Rebellion in Xinjiang (1862 78)


Conclusions



The Self-strengthening Movement and Central Government Reforms



Military Reform: Xiang and Huai Armies, Beiyang and Nanyang Navies



Financial Reform: the Imperial Maritime Customs



Foreign Policy Reform: the Zongli Yamen



Educational Reform: China's First Embassy and Western Learning



Governmental Restoration: Confucian Rectification


Conclusions



Attacks on Chinese Sovereignty



The Burlingame Mission and the Alcock Convention



The Tianjin Massacre (1870) and the Margary Affair (1875)



Japan and Taiwan (1871 4)



Russia and Xinjiang (1871 81)



France and Vietnam (1883 5)


Conclusions



The First Sino-Japanese War



The Korean Crisis



The Hostilities



The Settlement



The Triple Intervention



The Scramble for Concessions


Conclusions



The Attempt to Expel the Foreigners: the Boxer Uprising



The Hundred Days' Reform



The Origins of the Boxer Movement



The Boxer Uprising



The Boxer Protocol and the Economic Impact of the Indemnities



The Aftermath: the Russo-Japanese War (1904 5)


Conclusions



The 1911 Revolution



The Reform Program of the Empress Dowager Cixi



Han Revolutionaries: Sun Yat-sen's Anti-Manchu Movement



The Rights Recovery Movement



The New Army and the Wuchang Rebellion



The Collapse of the Qing Dynasty


Conclusions



The Republican Period, 1912



The Founding of the Republic of China



The Republic under Yuan Shikai



Relations with Russia, Japan, and Britain



The Founding of the Nationalist Party



North China Warlord Intrigues



The Republic of China Enters the First World War


Conclusions



Versailles and Its Aftermath



Political Ferment and New Ideas



The Paris Peace Conference Examines the Shandong Question



The Shandong Controversy



The Beijing Government's Reaction to the Compromise



The Long-term Impact of the Treaty of Versailles


Conclusions



New Intellectual Currents



The New Culture Movement



The May Fourth Movement



The Karakhan Manifesto and the Comintern



The Founding of the Chinese Communist Party



The Civil Wars in North China


Conclusions



The Nationalist-Communist United Front



South China Diplomacy: the Origins of the First United Front



The Reorganization of the Nationalist Party



North China Diplomacy: Beijing and Manchurian Warlords



The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek and the Northern Expedition



The Beginning of the Nationalist-Communist Civil War


Conclusions



The Nanjing Decade



Elimination of the Unequal Treaties with the Western Powers



The Russo-Japanese Rivalry Over Manchuria



The Military Side of Nation Building: Uprisings and Encirclement Campaigns



The Civil Side of Nation Building: Nationalist and Communist Ideology



The Xi'an Incident and the Second United Front


Conclusions



The Second Sino-Japanese War



Great Power Rivalries Over China



The Regional War and the Civil War



The Global War



Soviet Efforts to Expand Their Sphere of Influence



Impact on the Chinese Population


Conclusions



The Civil War: Nationalists versus Communists



Renewal of the Civil War



U.S. Diplomatic Intervention



Soviet Intervention



The Nationalist Economic Implosion



The Communist Victory


Conclusions



China and Taiwan in the Postwar Era



The Communist Victory



The Formation of the People's Republic of China



Land Reform and Agrarian Policies



The Nationalization of Industry and Commerce



Diplomatic Isolation and the Sino-Soviet Alliance



Land Reform on Taiwan


Conclusions



The Korean War



The Outbreak of the Korean War



The Chinese Decision to Intervene



The Soviet War Protraction Strategy



War Termination



The Domestic Consequences of the War


Conclusions



Mao's Quest for World Leadership



The Hundred Flowers Campaign



The Great Leap Forward



The Great Famine (1959 61)



The Sino-Soviet Split



The Sino-Indian War of 1962


Conclusions



The Cultural Revolution



Mao's Weakened Position



The Phases of the Cultural Revolution



The PLA and the Restoration of Order



The 1969 Sino-Soviet Border Conflict



Sino-American Rapprochement


Conclusions



The Deng Xiaoping Restoration



The Impending Succession, the Fall of Lin Biao, and the Death of Mao



The Rise to Power of Deng Xiaoping



The Taiwanese Economic Miracle



Deng Xaoping's Agricultural Reforms



Deng Xiaoping's Industrial Reforms


Conclusions



Tiananmen



The Dissolution of the Soviet Union



Tiananmen Demonstrations



The Beijing Massacre



Governance without a Preeminent Leader



Rising Nationalism


Conclusions



The Mandate of Heaven



Population and Prosperity



Environmental Challenges



Energy and Industrial Growth



Democracy in Taiwan



The Two-China Problem


Conclusions


Conclusion China in Transition



Top-down Characteristics: Civil-Military-Ideological Underpinnings of Power



Radial Characteristics: Relations with the Outside



Bottom-up Characteristics: Education, Globalization, and Han Nationalism



Cyclical Elements: the End of the Dynastic Cycle?



Retrospective Elements: Fatalism or Choice?


Final Words



Geographical Names by Transliteration System



Pinyin Wade Giles Conversion Table


Teaching References


Credits


Name Index


Subject Index