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| Preface | |
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| The School Counseling Profession | |
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| Counseling as a Profession | |
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| Historical Background | |
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| Counselor Identity | |
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| Development of School Counseling | |
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| Emergence of Guidance and Counseling in Schools | |
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| Expansion of School Counseling | |
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| The Twenty-First Century | |
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| A Professional Identity | |
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| Professional Development and Accreditation | |
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| Comprehensive School Counseling Programs | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Diverse Students, Communities, and Schools | |
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| Increased Diversity | |
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| Culture | |
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| Enculturation | |
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| Acculturation | |
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| Assimilation | |
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| Encapsulation | |
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| Collectivism | |
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| Individualism | |
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| Subcultures | |
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| Worldview | |
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| Race and Ethnicity | |
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| Race | |
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| Ethnicity | |
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| Sex, Gender, Activity, and Orientation | |
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| Sex | |
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| Gender Identity | |
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| Sexual Orientation | |
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| Families and Communities | |
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| Spirituality and Religion | |
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| Exceptionality | |
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| Socioeconomic Status | |
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| Rural and Urban Schools | |
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| The School Counselor and Multicultural Competency | |
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| Awareness | |
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| Knowledge | |
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| Skill | |
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| School Counseling and Diversity | |
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| Assessment of School Environment | |
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| Developmental Counseling | |
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| Appreciating and Celebrating Diversity | |
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| Advocacy and Social Justice | |
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| Program Leadership | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The School Counselor and Program Leadership | |
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| Defining School Counseling | |
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| Advisory Committee | |
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| Consultation | |
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| Counseling | |
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| Counseling Center | |
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| Developmental Guidance and Counseling | |
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| Guidance | |
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| Parent Education Programs | |
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| Peer Helper and Mediation Programs | |
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| School-wide Guidance | |
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| Student Services Team | |
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| Varying Roles of School Counselors | |
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| The Elementary School Counselor | |
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| The Middle School Counselor | |
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| The High School Counselor | |
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| Program Leadership | |
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| Employment by Schools | |
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| School Counselor Preparation | |
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| Maintaining Balance | |
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| Preparation and Identity of School Counselors | |
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| Development and Review of National Standards | |
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| CACREP 2009 Standards | |
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| Credentials of School Counselors | |
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| State Certification | |
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| National Certification | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Comprehensive School Counseling Programs | |
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| The Purpose of School Counseling Programs | |
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| Educational Development | |
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| Career Development | |
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| Personal and Social Development | |
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| A Comprehensive Program | |
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| The Comprehensive Guidance Program Model | |
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| Developmental Guidance and Counseling Approach | |
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| ASCA National Model | |
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| Domains/Activities/Partners Model | |
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| Facilities | |
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| The Counseling Center | |
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| Materials and Equipment | |
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| Personnel | |
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| Counselors | |
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| Clerical Assistants | |
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| Paraprofessionals and Volunteers | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Services of a Comprehensive Program | |
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| Counseling | |
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| Individual Counseling | |
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| Group Counseling | |
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| Student Counseling | |
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| Parent and Teacher Counseling | |
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| Consulting | |
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| Information Services | |
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| Instructional Services | |
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| Problem-Solving Services | |
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| Other School Services | |
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| Coordinating | |
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| Data Collection and Sharing | |
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| Collaboration and Systemic Change | |
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| Appraising | |
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| Student Evaluation | |
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| Environmental Evaluation | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Program Development | |
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| Planning | |
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| Assessing the Current Program | |
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| Seeking Input and Support for Change | |
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| Assessing the Needs of Students, Parents, and Teachers | |
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| Determining Resources | |
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| Organizing | |
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| Setting Goals | |
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| Assigning Responsibilities | |
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| Marketing the Program | |
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| Using Technology | |
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| Implementing | |
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| Scheduling Services and Setting Priorities | |
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| Balancing Time | |
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| Counseling | |
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| Consulting | |
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| Coordinating | |
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| Appraising | |
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| Evaluating | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Individual Counseling and Group Processes | |
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| What Is Counseling? | |
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| Who Needs Counseling? | |
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| Goals of Counseling | |
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| Individual Counseling in Schools | |
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| Establishing a Relationship | |
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| Exploring Concerns | |
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| Taking Action | |
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| Ending the Relationship | |
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| Brief Counseling | |
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| Crisis Counseling | |
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| Counseling Approaches | |
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| Group Processes | |
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| A Rationale for Group Processes | |
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| Group Counseling and Group Guidance | |
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| Purpose and Nature of Groups | |
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| Leading Groups | |
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| Research on Counseling | |
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| Research on Groups | |
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| Group Guidance Research | |
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| Group Counseling Research | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Collaboration and Consultation | |
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| School Services | |
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| Parents and Guardians | |
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| Teachers | |
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| Principals | |
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| Nurses, Psychologists, and Social Workers | |
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| Community Agencies | |
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| Health Departments | |
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| Mental-Health Centers | |
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| Social Services | |
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| Family Services | |
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| Private Practitioners | |
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| Counselors as Consultants | |
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| Consulting Processes | |
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| Research on Consulting | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Student Assessment | |
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| Standardized Testing | |
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| Standardization | |
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| Selection of Tests | |
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| Validity and Reliability | |
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| Determining Test Usefulness | |
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| Using Standardized Tests | |
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| Test Security | |
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| Administration | |
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| Interpretation | |
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| Types of Assessment Instruments | |
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| Achievement Tests | |
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| Aptitude Tests | |
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| Interest Inventories | |
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| Personality Inventories and Tests | |
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| Other Assessment Techniques | |
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| Observations | |
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| Interviews | |
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| Sociometric Methods | |
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| Child Study Conferences | |
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| Biographical and Self-Expression Techniques | |
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| The DSM-IV-TR and the School Counselor | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Educational and Career Development | |
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| Primary Purpose of School Counseling | |
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| Educational Planning for All Students | |
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| Student Advocacy | |
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| Lifelong Learning | |
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| Career Planning and Decision Making | |
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| The Changing World of Work | |
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| Student Awareness | |
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| Exploration | |
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| Decision Making | |
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| Case Illustrations of Comprehensive Programs of Responsive Services | |
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| Case Study of Johnny | |
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| Case Studies of Latisha, Rhonda, and Rebecca | |
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| Case Study of Gertrude | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Evaluation of School Counseling Programs | |
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| Types of Program Evaluation | |
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| Program Outcomes | |
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| Student Outcomes | |
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| Consumer Satisfaction | |
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| Expert Assessment | |
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| Data and Evaluation | |
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| School Counselor Evaluation | |
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| What Will Be Evaluated? | |
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| How Will Evaluation Be Done? | |
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| Who Will Evaluate? | |
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| Performance Appraisal Processes and Instruments | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Professional Ethics and Legal Issues | |
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| Ethical Standards for School Counselors | |
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| Responsibilities to Students | |
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| Responsibilities to Parents/Guardians | |
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| Responsibilities to Colleagues and Professional Associates | |
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| Responsibilities to the Schools, Communities, and Families | |
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| Responsibilities to Self | |
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| Responsibilities to the Profession | |
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| Maintenance of Standards | |
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| The Nature of Law | |
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| The Law and Schools | |
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| The Courts | |
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| School Board Policies | |
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| Legal Issues for School Counselors | |
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| Students' Rights | |
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| Parents' Rights | |
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| The Buckley Amendment | |
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| Public Law 94-142 | |
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| Child Abuse | |
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| Counselor Liability | |
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| Title IX | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| School Counseling Today and Tomorrow | |
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| Students of Tomorrow | |
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| Remedial Concerns | |
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| Preventive Issues | |
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| Developmental Needs | |
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| Poverty | |
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| Diversity | |
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| Schools of Tomorrow | |
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| Technology | |
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| Parental Involvement | |
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| Teacher Collaboration | |
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| School-Based Services | |
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| Youth Service | |
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| The Future of School Counseling | |
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| Additional Readings | |
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| Websites | |
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| Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |