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| Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming | |
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| Computer Systems | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Software | |
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| High-Level Languages | |
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| Compilers | |
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| History Note | |
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| Programing and Problem-Solving | |
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| Algorithms | |
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| Program Design | |
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| Object-Oriented Programming | |
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| The Software Life Cycle | |
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| Introduction to C++ | |
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| Origins of the C++ Language | |
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| A Sample C++ Program | |
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| Pitfall: Using the Wrong Slash in \n | |
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| Programming Tip: Input and Output Syntax | |
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| Layout of a Simple C++ Program | |
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| Pitfall: Putting a Space Before the include File Name | |
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| Compiling and Running a C++ Program | |
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| Programming Tip: Getting Your Program to Run | |
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| Testing and Debugging | |
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| Kinds of Program Errors | |
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| Pitfall: Assuming Your Program Is Correct | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| C++ Basics | |
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| Variables and Assignments | |
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| Variables | |
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| Names: Identifiers | |
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| Variable Declarations | |
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| Assignment Statements | |
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| Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Meaningful Names | |
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| Input and Output | |
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| Output Using cout | |
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| Include Directives and Namespaces | |
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| Escape Sequences | |
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| Programming Tip: End Each Program with a \n or endl | |
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| Formatting for Numbers with a Decimal Point | |
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| Input Using cin | |
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| Designing Input and Output | |
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| Programming Tip: Line Breaks in I/O | |
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| Data Types and Expresions | |
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| The Types int and double | |
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| Other Number Types | |
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| The Type char | |
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| The Type bool | |
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| Introduction to the Class string | |
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| Type Compatibilities | |
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| Arithmetic Operators and Expressions | |
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| Pitfall: Whole Numbers in Division | |
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| More Assignment Statements | |
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| Simple Flow of Control | |
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| A Simple Branching Mechanism | |
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| Pitfall: Strings of Inequalities | |
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| Pitfall: Using = in place of == | |
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| Compound Statements | |
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| Simple Loop Mechanisms | |
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| Increment and Decrement Operators | |
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| Programming Example: Charge Card Balance | |
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| Pitfall: Infinite Loops | |
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| Program Style | |
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| Indenting | |
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| Comments | |
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| Naming Constants | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| More Flow of Control | |
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| Using Boolean Expresions | |
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| Evaluating Boolean Expressions | |
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| Pitfall: Boolean Expressions Convert to int Values | |
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| Enumeration Types (Optional) | |
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| Multiway Branches | |
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| Nested Statements | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Braces in Nested Statements | |
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| Multiway if-else Statements | |
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| Programming Example: State Income Tax | |
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| The switch Statement | |
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| Pitfall: Forgetting a break in a switch Statement | |
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| Using switch Statements for Menus | |
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| Blocks | |
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| Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables | |
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| More About C++ Loop Statements | |
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| The while Statements Reviewed | |
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| Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited | |
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| The for Statement | |
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| Pitfall: Extra Semicolon in a for Statement | |
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| What Kind of Loop to Use | |
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| Pitfall: Uninitialized Variables and Infinite Loops | |
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| The break Statement | |
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| Pitfall: The break Statement in Nested Loops | |
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| Designing Loops | |
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| Loops for Sums and Products | |
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| Ending a Loop | |
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| Nested Loops | |
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| Debugging Loops | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Procedural Abstraction and Functions That Return a Value | |
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| Top-Down Design | |
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| Predefined Functions | |
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| Using Predefined Functions | |
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| Random Number Generation | |
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| Type Casting | |
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| Older Form of Type Casting | |
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| Pitfall: Integer Division Drops the Fractional Part | |
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| Programer-Defined Functions | |
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| Function Definitions | |
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| Functions That Return a Boolean Value | |
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| Alternate Form for Function Declarations | |
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| Pitfall: Arguments in the Wrong Order | |
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| Function Definition-Syntax Summary | |
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| More About Placement of Function Definitions | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Function Calls in Branching Statements | |
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| Procedural Abstraction | |
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| The Black-Box Analogy | |
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| Programming Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names | |
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| Programming Tip: Nested Loops | |
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| Case Study: Buying Pizza | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Pseudocode | |
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| Scope and Local Variables | |
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| The Small Program Analogy | |
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| Programming Example: Experimental Pea Patch | |
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| Global Constants and Global Variables | |
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| Call-by-Value Formal Parameters Are Local Variables | |
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| Block Scope | |
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| Namespaces Revisited | |
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| Programming Example: The Factorial Function | |
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| Overloading Function Names | |
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| Introduction to Overloading | |
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| Programming Example: Revised Pizza-Buying Program | |
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| Automatic Type Conversion | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Functions for All Subtasks | |
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| void Functions | |
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| Definitions of void Functions | |
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| Programming Example: Converting Temperatures | |
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| return Statements in void Functions | |
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| Call-By-Reference Parameters | |
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| A First View of Call-by-Reference | |
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| Call-by-Reference in Detail | |
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| Programming Example: The swap_values Function | |
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| Mixed Parameter Lists | |
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| Programming Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use | |
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| Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables | |
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| Using Procedural Abstraction | |
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| Functions Calling Functions | |
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| Preconditions and Postconditions | |
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| Case Study: Supermarket Pricing | |
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| Testing and Debugging Functions | |
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| Stubs and Drivers | |
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| General Debugging Techniques | |
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| Keep an Open Mind | |
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| Check Common Errors | |
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| Localize the Error | |
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| The assert Macro | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes | |
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| Streams and Basic File I/O | |
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| Why Use Files for I/O? | |
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| File I/O | |
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| Introduction to Classes and Objects | |
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| Programming Tip: Check Whether a File Was Opened Successfully | |
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| Techniques for File I/O | |
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| Appending to a File (Optional) | |
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| File Names as Input (Optional) | |
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| Tools for Stream I/O | |
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| Formatting Output with Stream Functions | |
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| Manipulators | |
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| Streams as Arguments to Functions | |
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| Programming Tip: Checking for the End of a File | |
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| A Note on Namespaces | |
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| Programming Example: Cleaning Up a File Format | |
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| Character I/O | |
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| The Member Functions get and put | |
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| The putback Member Function (Optional) | |
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| Programming Example: Checking Input | |
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| Pitfall: Unexpected '\n' in Input | |
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| Programming Example: Another new_line Function | |
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| Default Arguments for Functions (Optional) | |
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| The eof Member Function | |
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| Programming Example: Editing a Text File | |
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| Predefined Character Functions | |
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| Pitfall: toupper and tolower Return Values | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Arrays | |
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| Introduction to Arrays | |
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| Declaring and Referencing Arrays | |
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| Programming Tip: Use for Loops with Arrays | |
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| Pitfall: Array Indexes Always Start with Zero | |
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| Programming Tip: Use a Defined Constant for the Size of an Array | |
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| Arrays in Memory | |
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| Pitfall: Array Index Out of Range | |
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| Initializing Arrays | |
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| Arrays in Functions | |
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| Indexed Variables as Function Arguments | |
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| Entire Arrays as Function Arguments | |
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| The const Parameter Modifier | |
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| Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const Parameters | |
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| Functions That Return an Array | |
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| Case Study: Production Graph | |
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| Programing with Arrays | |
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| Partially Filled Arrays | |
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| Programming Tip: Do Not Skimp on Formal Parameters | |
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| Programming Example: Searching an Array | |
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| Programming Example: Sorting an Array | |
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| Multidimensional Arrays | |
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| Multidimensional Array Basics | |
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| Multidimensional Array Parameters | |
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| Programming Example: Two-Dimensional Grading Program | |
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| Pitfall: Using Commas Between Array Indexes | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Strings and Vectors | |
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| An Array Type for Strings | |
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| C-String Values and C-String Variables | |
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| Pitfall: Using = and == with C Strings | |
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| Other Functions in <cstring> | |
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| C-String Input and Output | |
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| C-String-to-Number Conversions and Robust Input | |
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| the Standard string Clas | |
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| Introduction to the Standard Class string | |
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| I/O with the Class string | |
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| Programming Tip: More Versions of getline | |
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| Pitfall: Mixing cin >> variable; and getline | |
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| String Processing with the Class string | |
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| Programming Example: Palindrome Testing | |
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| Converting Between string Objects and C Strings | |
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| Vectors | |
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| Vector Basics | |
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| Pitfall: Using Square Brackets Beyond the Vector Size | |
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| Programming Tip: Vector Assignment Is Well Behaved | |
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| Efficiency Issues | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Pointers and Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Pointers | |
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| Pointer Variables | |
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| Basic Memory Management | |
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| Pitfall: Dangling Pointers | |
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| Static Variables and Automatic Variables | |
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| Programming Tip: Define Pointer Types | |
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| Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Array Variables and Pointer Variables | |
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| Creating and Using Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Pointer Arithmetic (Optional) | |
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| Multidimensional Dynamic Arrays (Optional) | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Defining Classes | |
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| Structures | |
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| Structures for Diverse Data | |
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| Pitfall: Forgetting a Semicolon in a Structure Definition | |
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| Structures as Function Arguments | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Hierarchical Structures | |
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| Initializing Structures | |
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| Classes | |
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| Defining Classes and Member Functions | |
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| Public and Private Members | |
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| Programming Tip: Make All Member Variables Private | |
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| Programming Tip: Define Accessor and Mutator Functions | |
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| Programming Tip: Use the Assignment Operator with Objects | |
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| Programming Example: BankAccount Class-Version 1 | |
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| Summary of Some Properties of Classes | |
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| Constructors for Initialization | |
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| Programming Tip: Always Include a Default Constructor | |
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| Pitfall: Constructors with No Arguments | |
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| Abstract Data Types | |
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| Classes to Produce Abstract Data Types | |
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| Programming Example: Alternative Implementation of a Class | |
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| Introduction to Inheritance | |
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| Derived Classes | |
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| Defining Derived Classes | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Friends, Overloaded Operators, and Arrays in Classes | |
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| Friend Functions | |
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| Programming Example: An Equality Function | |
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| Friend Functions | |
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| Programming Tip: Define Both Accessor Functions and Friend Functions | |
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| Programming Tip: Use Both Member and Nonmember Functions | |
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| Programming Example: Money Class (Version 1) | |
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| Implementation of digit_to_int (Optional) | |
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| Pitfall: Leading Zeros in Number Constants | |
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| The const Parameter Modifier | |
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| Pitfall: Inconsistent Use of const | |
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| Overloading Operators | |
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| Overloading Operators | |
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| Constructors for Automatic Type Conversion | |
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| Overloading Unary Operators | |
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| Overloading >> and << | |
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| Arrays and Classes | |
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| Arrays of Classes | |
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| Arrays as Class Members | |
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| Programming Example: A Class for a Partially Filled Array | |
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| Classes and Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Programming Example: A String Variable Class | |
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| Destructors | |
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| Pitfall: Pointers as Call-by-Value Parameters | |
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| Copy Constructors | |
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| Overloading the Assignment Operator | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Separate Compilation and Namespaces | |
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| Separate Compilation | |
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| ADTs Reviewed | |
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| Case Study: DigitalTime A Class Compiled Separately | |
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| Using #ifndef | |
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| Programming Tip: Defining Other Libraries | |
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| Namespaces | |
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| Namespaces and using Directives | |
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| Creating a Namespace | |
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| Qualifying Names | |
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| A Subtle Point About Namespaces (Optional) | |
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| Unnamed Namespaces | |
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| Programming Tip: Choosing a Name for a Namespace | |
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| Pitfall: Confusing the Global Namespace and the Unnamed Namespace | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Pointers and Linked Lists | |
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| Nodes and Linked Lists | |
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| Nodes | |
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| Linked Lists | |
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| Inserting a Node at the Head of a List | |
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| Pitfall: Losing Nodes | |
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| Searching a Linked List | |
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| Pointers as Iterators | |
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| Inserting and Removing Nodes Inside a List | |
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| Pitfall: Using the Assignment Operator with Dynamic Data Structures | |
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| Variations on Linked Lists | |
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| Linked Lists of Classes | |
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| Stacks and Queues | |
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| Stacks | |
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| Programming Example: A Stack Class | |
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| Queues | |
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| Programming Example: A Queue Class | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Recursion | |
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| Recursive Functions for Tasks | |
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| Case Study: Vertical Numbers | |
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| A Closer Look at Recursion | |
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| Pitfall: Infinite Recursion | |
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| Stacks for Recursion | |
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| Pitfall: Stack Overflow | |
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| Recursion Versus Iteration | |
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| Recursive Functions for Values | |
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| General Form for a Recursive Function That Returns a Value | |
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| Programming Example: Another Powers Function | |
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| Thinking Recursively | |
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| Recursive Design Techniques | |
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| Case Study: Binary Search An Example of Recursive Thinking | |
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| Programming Example: A Recursive Member Function | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Inheritance | |
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| Inheritance Basics | |
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| Derived Classes | |
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| Constructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Pitfall: Use of Private Member Variables from the Base Class | |
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| Pitfall: Private Member Functions Are Effectively Not Inherited | |
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| The protected Qualifier | |
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| Redefinition of Member Functions | |
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| Redefining Versus Overloading | |
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| Access to a Redefined Base Function | |
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| INHERITANCE DETAILS | |
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| Functions That Are Not Inherited | |
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| Assignment Operators and Copy Constructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Destructors in Derived Classes | |
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| Polymorphism | |
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| Late Binding | |
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| Virtual Functions in C++ | |
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| Virtual Functions and Extended Type Compatibility | |
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| Pitfall: The Slicing Problem | |
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| Pitfall: Not Using Virtual Member Functions | |
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| Pitfall: Attempting to Compile Class Definitions Without Definitions for Every Virtual Member Function | |
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| Programming Tip: Make Destructors Virtual | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Exception Handling | |
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| Exception-Handling Basics | |
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| A Toy Example of Exception Handling | |
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| Defining Your Own Exception Classes | |
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| Multiple Throws and Catches | |
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| Pitfall: Catch the More Specific Exception First | |
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| Programming Tip: Exception Classes Can Be Trivial | |
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| Throwing an Exception in a Function | |
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| Exception Specification | |
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| Pitfall: Exception Specification in Derived Classes | |
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| Programing Techniques for Exception Handling | |
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| When to Throw an Exception | |
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| Pitfall: Uncaught Exceptions | |
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| Pitfall: Nested try-catch Blocks | |
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| Pitfall: Overuse of Exceptions | |
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| Exception Class Hierarchies | |
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| Testing for Available Memory | |
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| Rethrowing an Exception | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Templates | |
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| Templates for Algorithm Abstraction | |
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| Templates for Functions | |
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| Pitfall: Compiler Complications | |
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| Programming Example: A Generic Sorting Function | |
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| Programming Tip: How to Define Templates | |
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| Pitfall: Using a Template with an Inappropriate Type | |
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| Templates for Data Abstraction | |
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| Syntax for Class Templates | |
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| Programming Example: An Array Class | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Standard Template Library | |
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| Iterators | |
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| using Declarations | |
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| Iterator Basics | |
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| Pitfall: Compiler Problems | |
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| Kinds of Iterators | |
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| Constant and Mutable Iterators | |
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| Reverse Iterators | |
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| Other Kinds of Iterators | |
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| Containers | |
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| Sequential Containers | |
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| Pitfall: Iterators and Removing Elements | |
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| Programming Tip: Type Definitions in Containers | |
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| Container Adapters stack and queue | |
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| Associative Containers set and map | |
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| Efficiency | |
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| Generic Algorithms | |
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| Running Times and Big-O Notation | |
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| Container Access Running Times | |
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| Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms | |
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| Container Modifying Algorithms | |
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| Set Algorithms | |
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| Sorting Algorithms | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Answers to Self-Test Exercises | |
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| Programming Projects | |
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| Appendices | |
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| C++ Keywords | |
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| Precedence of Operators | |
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| the ASCII Character Set | |
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| Some Library Functions | |
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| Inline Functions | |
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| Overloading the Array Index Square Brackets | |
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| the this Pointer | |
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| Overloading Operators as Member Operators | |
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| Index | |