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| Preface | |
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| Units, Dimensions, and Standards | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| SI Mechanical Units | |
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| Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes | |
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| SI Electrical Units | |
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| SI Temperature Scales | |
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| Other Unit Systems | |
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| Dimensions | |
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| Standards | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Measurement Errors | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gross Errors and Systematic Errors | |
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| Absolute Errors and Relative Errors | |
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| Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, and Significant Figures | |
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| Measurement Error Combinations | |
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| Basics of Statistical Analysis | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Electromechanical Instruments | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Permanent-Magnet Moving-Coil Instrument | |
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| Galvanometer | |
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| DC Ammeter | |
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| DC Voltmeter | |
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| Rectifier Voltmeter | |
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| Rectifier Ammeter | |
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| Deflection Instrument Errors | |
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| Series Ohmmeter | |
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| Shunt Ohmmeter | |
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| Volt-Ohm-Milliameter | |
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| Electrodynamic Instrument | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Analog Electronic Volt-Ohm-Milliammeters | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Transistor Voltmeter Circuits | |
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| Operational Amplifier Voltmeter Circuits | |
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| Ohmmeter Function in Electronic Instruments | |
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| AC Electronic Voltmeters | |
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| Current Measurement with Electronic Instruments | |
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| Analog Electronic Multimeters | |
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| Multimeter Probes | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Digital Instrument Basics | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Basic Logic Gates | |
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| Flip-Flops | |
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| Digital Displays | |
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| Digital Counting | |
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| Analog-to-Digital Converter | |
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| Digital-to-Analog Converter | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Digital Voltmeters and Frequency Meters | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Digital Voltmeter Systems | |
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| Digital Multimeters | |
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| Digital Frequency Meter System | |
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| Frequency Meter Accuracy | |
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| Time and Ratio Measurements | |
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| Counter Input Stage | |
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| Counter/Timer/Frequency Meter | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Low, High, and Precise Resistance Measurements | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Voltmeter and Ammeter Methods | |
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| Substitution Method | |
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| Wheatstone Bridge | |
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| Low-Resistance Measurement | |
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| Low-Resistance Measuring Instruments | |
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| High-Resistance Measurement | |
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| High-Resistance Measuring Instruments | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Inductance and Capacitance Measurements | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| RC and RL Equivalent Circuits | |
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| AC Bridge Theory | |
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| Capacitance Bridges | |
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| Inductance Bridges | |
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| Multifunction Impedance Bridge | |
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| Measuring Small C, R, and L Quantities | |
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| Digital L, C, and R Measurements | |
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| Digital RCL Meter | |
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| Q Meter | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cathode-Ray Tube | |
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| Deflection Amplifiers | |
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| Waveform Display | |
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| Oscilloscope Time Base | |
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| Dual-Trace Oscilloscope | |
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| Oscilloscope Controls | |
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| Measurement of Voltage, Frequency, and Phase | |
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| Pulse Measurements | |
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| Oscilloscope Probes | |
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| Display of Device Characteristics | |
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| X-Y and Z Displays | |
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| Oscilloscope Specifications and Performance | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Special Oscilloscopes | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Delayed-Time-Base Oscilloscopes | |
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| Analog Storage Oscilloscope | |
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| Sampling Oscilloscopes | |
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| Digital Storage Oscilloscopes | |
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| DSO Applications | |
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| Representative DSO | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Signal Generators | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Low-Frequency Signal Generators | |
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| Function Generators | |
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| Pulse Generators | |
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| RF Signal Generators | |
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| Sweep Frequency Generators | |
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| Frequency Synthesizer | |
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| Arbitrary Waveform Generator | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Instrument Calibration | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Comparison Methods | |
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| Digital Multimeters as Standard Instruments | |
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| Calibration Instruments | |
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| Potentiometers | |
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| Potentiometer Calibration Methods | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Graphic Recording Instruments | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Strip Chart Recorders | |
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| X-Y Recorder | |
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| Plotting Device Characteristics on an X-Y Recorder | |
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| Plotters | |
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| Digital Waveform Recorder/Analyzer | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Waveform Analyzing Instruments | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Distortion Meter | |
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| Spectrum Analyzer | |
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| Digital Spectrum Analyzer | |
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| Additional Waveform Analyzing Instruments | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Miscellaneous Meters | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Thermocouple Instruments | |
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| Peak Response Voltmeter | |
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| True RMS Meters | |
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| Low-Level Voltmeter/Ammeter | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Laboratory Power Supplies | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Unregulated DC Power Supplies | |
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| DC Voltage Regulators | |
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| Output Current Limiting | |
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| Power Supply Performance and Specifications | |
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| DC Power Supply Use | |
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| Power Supply Testing | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Problems | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Unit Conversion Factors | |
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| Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems | |
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| Index | |