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| In This Section | |
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| Brief | |
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| Comprehensive | |
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| Brief Table of Contents | |
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| Theoretical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives | |
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| The Sociology of Gender: Theoretical Perspectives and Feminist Frameworks | |
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| Gender Development: Biology, Sexuality, and Health | |
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| Gender Development: the Socialization Process | |
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| Gendered Language and Socialization | |
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| Western History and the Construction of Gender Roles | |
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| Global Perspectives on Gender | |
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| Gender Roles, Marriage, and the Family | |
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| Gendered Love, Marriage, and Emerging Lifestyle | |
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| Gender and Family Relations | |
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| Men and Masculinity | |
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| Gender Roles: Focus on Social Institutions | |
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| Gender, Work, and the Workplace | |
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| Education and Gender Role Change | |
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| Religion and Patriarchy | |
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| Media | |
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| Power, Politics, and the Law | |
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| Comprehensive Table of Contents | |
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| Theoretical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives | |
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| The Sociology of Gender: Theoretical Perspectives and Feminist Frameworks | |
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| Basic Sociological Concepts | |
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| Key Concepts for the Sociology of Gender | |
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| Distinguishing Sex and Gender | |
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| Sociological Perspectives on Gender Roles | |
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| Functionalism | |
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| Preindustrial Society | |
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| Contemporary Society | |
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| Conflict Theory | |
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| Marx, Engels, and Social Class | |
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| Contemporary Conflict Theory | |
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| Gender and the Family | |
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| Symbolic Interaction | |
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| Social Construction of Reality | |
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| Doing Difference | |
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| Feminist Sociological Theory | |
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| Linking Gender, Race, and Class | |
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| Feminist Perspectives on the Family | |
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| Feminism and its Branches | |
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| Liberal Feminism | |
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| Cultural Feminism | |
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| Socialist Feminism | |
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| Radical Feminism | |
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| Multicultural and Global Feminism | |
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| Ecofeminism | |
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| Feminism and the Media | |
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| Portrayals of Feminism | |
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| Feminism and Election 2008 | |
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| Hillary Rodham Clinton | |
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| Challenging the Backlash to Feminism | |
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| Gender Development: Biology, Sexuality, and Health | |
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| Nature and Nurture | |
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| Margaret Mead | |
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| Critique | |
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| Evolution, Genetics, and Biology | |
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| Sociobiology | |
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| Cognitive Biology | |
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| The Hormone Puzzle | |
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| Aggression | |
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| Motherhood | |
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| Gendered Sexuality | |
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| Sigmund Freud: Anatomy Is Destiny | |
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| Ambiguous Sex, Ambiguous Gender | |
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| Transsexuals | |
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| Does Nature Rule? A Sex Reassignment Tragedy | |
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| Sexual Orientation | |
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| Global Focus: Challenging Definitions of Sex and Gender | |
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| Sexual Scripts | |
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| Patterns of Sexual Attitudes and Behavior | |
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| Gender and Orgasm | |
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| Premarital/Nonmarital Sex | |
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| Extramarital Relationships | |
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| The Double Standard | |
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| Sexuality in Later Life | |
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| Gender and Health | |
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| Till Death Do Us Part: Gender and Mortality | |
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| Global Patterns | |
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| In Sickness and in Health: Gender and Morbidity | |
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| Men and Morbidity | |
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| Women and Morbidity | |
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| Premenstrual Syndrome | |
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| HIV/AIDS | |
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| Drug Use | |
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| Explaining Gendered Health Trends | |
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| The Women's Health Movement | |
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| Challenging Gender Bias in Research | |
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| Progress in Women's and Men's Health | |
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| Nature versus Nurture Revisited: the Politics of Biology | |
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| The Female Advantage in Evolution | |
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| Reframing the Debate | |
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| Gender Development: the Socialization Process | |
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| Gender Socialization and Cultural Diversity | |
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| Culture and Socialization | |
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| Gender Socialization: the Impact of Social Class and Race | |
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| Theories of Gender Socialization | |
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| Social Learning Theory | |
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| Gender Socialization for Boys | |
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| Gender Socialization for Girls | |
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| Cognitive Development Theory | |
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| Gender Schema Theory | |
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| Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| The Family | |
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| Do You Want a Boy or a Girl? | |
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| Gendered Childhood: Clothes, Toys, and Play | |
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| Dolls | |
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| Toys and Gender Scripts | |
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| Gendered Parenting Practices | |
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| Peers and Preferences | |
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| Games | |
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| School | |
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| Television | |
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| Television Teaches | |
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| Socialization for Gender Equity | |
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| Global Focus: Son Preference in Asia | |
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| China | |
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| East and Southern Asia | |
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| Gendered Effects | |
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| Gendered Language and Socialization | |
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| The Generic Myth | |
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| Titles and Occupations | |
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| What's in a Name? | |
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| Children's Names | |
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| Linguistic Derogation | |
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| Gendered Language Usage | |
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| Registers | |
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| Female Register | |
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| Male Register | |
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| The Language of Friendship | |
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| Nonverbal Communication | |
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| Facial Expressions and Eye Contact | |
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| Smiling | |
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| Anger | |
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| Touch and Personal Space | |
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| Gender and Online Communication | |
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| Men Online | |
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| Women Online | |
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| Global Focus: the Language of Japanese Women | |
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| Style and Syntax | |
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| Manga | |
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| Explaining Gendered Language Patterns | |
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| The Dual-Culture Model | |
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| The Dominance Model | |
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| The Social Constructionist Model | |
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| The Impact of Linguistic Sexism | |
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| Cognition and Self-Esteem | |
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| Toward Language Change | |
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| Gradual Change | |
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| Western History and the Construction of Gender Roles | |
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| Placing Women in History | |
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| The Gender, Race, and Class Link in History | |
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| Historical Themes about Women | |
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| Classical Societies | |
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| The Glory That Was Greece | |
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| Partnership | |
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| Oppression | |
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| Athens | |
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| SParta | |
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| The Grandeur That Was Rome | |
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| Male Authority | |
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| Female Power | |
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| The Middle Ages | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Feudalism | |
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| The Renaissance | |
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| Martin Luther and the Reformation | |
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| The American Experience | |
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| The First American Women | |
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| Gender Role Balance | |
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| Colonization and Christianity | |
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| The Colonial Era | |
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| Gendered Puritan Life | |
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| The Victorians: True Womanhood | |
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| Frontier Life | |
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| Industrialization | |
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| The Union Movement | |
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| The Depression | |
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| World War II | |
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| Demand for Women's Labor | |
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| Women's Diversity in the Labor Force | |
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| |
| What about the Children? | |
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| Peacetime | |
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| The Postwar Era to the Millennium | |
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| The Women's Movement | |
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| The Early Movement: 1830 to 1890 | |
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| The Seneca Falls Convention | |
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| The Nineteenth Amendment | |
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| The Contemporary Movement | |
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| Second Wave Feminism | |
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| National Organization for Women | |
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| Offshoot Groups | |
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| Third Wave Feminism | |
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| Global Perspectives on Gender | |
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| |
| The United Nations Conferences on Women | |
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| The Legacy of Beijing: A Personal Perspective | |
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| The Impact of Globalization on Women | |
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| A Model of Women and Development | |
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| Russia | |
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| The Soviet Legacy | |
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| Employment | |
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| The Collision of Family and Employment | |
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| Marriage and Family | |
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| Support or Backlash to Feminism? | |
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| China | |
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| Reform and the Chinese Family | |
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| Footbinding | |
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| Marriage | |
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| The One-Child Policy | |
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| Son Preference | |
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| |
| To Get Rich Is Glorious | |
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| The Gender Paradox of Globalization and Development | |
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| |
| India | |
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| |
| The Religious Political Heritage | |
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| The Social Reform Movement | |
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| The Gandhis and Nehru | |
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| The Gender Gap in Human Development | |
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| Health | |
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| Feminism in an Indian Context | |
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| Japan | |
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| The Occupation | |
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| Gender Equity and Public Policy | |
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| Work and Family: A Nondilemma | |
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| Marriage and the Family | |
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| |
| Demography and Family Change | |
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| |
| Japanese Men | |
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| |
| Japanese Women | |
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| |
| Motherhood | |
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| |
| A Japanese Woman's Profile | |
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| |
| Latin America | |
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| |
| The Gender Divide | |
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| |
| Family Planning | |
| |
| |
| Latin American Women, Globalization, and Development | |
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| |
| Feminist Agendas | |
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| |
| The Class Gender Link | |
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| |
| Israel | |
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| |
| Religion, Family, and Employment | |
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| |
| Kibbutzim | |
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| |
| Education | |
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| The Workplace | |
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| |
| The Muslim World | |
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| |
| Islamization: Iran and Afghanistan | |
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| |
| The Shah and Khomeini | |
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| |
| Toward Reform | |
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| |
| The Arab Middle East | |
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| |
| North Africa: Female Genital Mutilation | |
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| |
| To Veil or Not to Veil | |
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| |
| Scandanavia | |
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| |
| Norway | |
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| |
| Sweden | |
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| The Equality Future | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender Roles, Marriage, and the Family | |
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| |
| |
| Gendered Love, Marriage, and Emerging Lifestyle | |
| |
| |
| Love | |
| |
| |
| Linking Love and Marriage | |
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| |
| Friends and Lovers | |
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| |
| Defining Love | |
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| |
| Distinguishing Love and Friendship | |
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| |
| Same-Gender Friends | |
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| |
| Other-Gender Friends | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Love and Love Myths | |
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| |
| Gender and Styles of Romance | |
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| |
| Men in Love | |
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| |
| Androgynous Love | |
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| |
| Mate Selection | |
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| |
| The Marriage Gradient | |
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| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Race | |
| |
| |
| Race and SES | |
| |
| |
| Attractiveness | |
| |
| |
| The Marriage Squeeze | |
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| |
| African American Women | |
| |
| |
| Sociological Perspectives on Mate Selection | |
| |
| |
| Gender Roles in Marriage and the Family | |
| |
| |
| The Marriage Gap | |
| |
| |
| Theoretical Perspectives on Marriage and the Family | |
| |
| |
| Functionalism | |
| |
| |
| Conflict Theory | |
| |
| |
| Feminist Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Symbolic Interaction | |
| |
| |
| Gender and the Family Values Debate | |
| |
| |
| Housewives | |
| |
| |
| Housewife Status | |
| |
| |
| The Issue of Housework | |
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| |
| Global Trends | |
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| |
| Dual Earners | |
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| |
| Multicultural Variations | |
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| |
| Extramarital Relationships | |
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| |
| Gender Differences | |
| |
| |
| Global Focus: the Second Wives of Hong Kong Men | |
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| |
| Gender Roles in Emerging Marriages and Lifestyles | |
| |
| |
| Scandinavia | |
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| |
| Equity Benefits | |
| |
| |
| Commuter Marriage | |
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| |
| Cohabitation | |
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| |
| Gender Differences | |
| |
| |
| Singlehood | |
| |
| |
| Gender Differences | |
| |
| |
| Gender Stereotypes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender and Family Relations | |
| |
| |
| The Parenthood Transition | |
| |
| |
| Motherhood | |
| |
| |
| The Motherhood Mandate | |
| |
| |
| Conflict Theory | |
| |
| |
| Challenging the Motherhood Mandate | |
| |
| |
| Feminism | |
| |
| |
| Fatherhood | |
| |
| |
| New Fathers | |
| |
| |
| Children's Development | |
| |
| |
| A Fatherhood Mandate | |
| |
| |
| Voluntary Childlessness | |
| |
| |
| Parents as Dual Earners | |
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| |
| Children of Employed Women | |
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| |
| The Child Care Issue | |
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| |
| Children's Time with Parents | |
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| |
| Adolescents | |
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| |
| Summary | |
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| |
| Helicopter Parents | |
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| |
| Families in Multicultural Perspective | |
| |
| |
| African American Families | |
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| |
| The Myth of Black Matriarchy | |
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| |
| Multiple Risks of Race, Class, and Gender | |
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| |
| Latino Families | |
| |
| |
| Puerto Rican Families | |
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| |
| Mexican American Families | |
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| |
| Cuban American Families | |
| |
| |
| Asian American Families | |
| |
| |
| Native American Families | |
| |
| |
| Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Gender and Adjustment in Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Gender Role Beliefs and Emotional Well-Being | |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Employment | |
| |
| |
| The Impact of Gendered Law in Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Custody | |
| |
| |
| Joint-Custody | |
| |
| |
| Divorce and Poverty | |
| |
| |
| Dividing Assets | |
| |
| |
| Child Support | |
| |
| |
| Remarriage | |
| |
| |
| Single-Parent Families | |
| |
| |
| Mothers and the Single-Parent Household | |
| |
| |
| Fathers and the Single-Parent Household | |
| |
| |
| Gender Patterns in Gay and Lesbian Families | |
| |
| |
| Same-Sex Marriage | |
| |
| |
| Lesbian Mothers | |
| |
| |
| Gay Fathers | |
| |
| |
| Future Families | |
| |
| |
| |
| Men and Masculinity | |
| |
| |
| Historical Notes and Masculine Markers | |
| |
| |
| Patriarchy and History | |
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| |
| War and Soldiering | |
| |
| |
| The Depression | |
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| |
| Vietnam | |
| |
| |
| Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan | |
| |
| |
| Suicide | |
| |
| |
| Sports | |
| |
| |
| Brutalized Bodies | |
| |
| |
| Sports Violence | |
| |
| |
| On Masculinity | |
| |
| |
| Hegemonic Masculinity | |
| |
| |
| Masculinity's Norms | |
| |
| |
| Antifeminine Norm | |
| |
| |
| Interpersonal Relations | |
| |
| |
| Success Norm | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Occupations | |
| |
| |
| Intellectual Success | |
| |
| |
| Toughness Norm | |
| |
| |
| Aggression Norm | |
| |
| |
| School Violence | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Prowess Norm | |
| |
| |
| Tenderness Norm | |
| |
| |
| Images to Accept of Reject? | |
| |
| |
| Homophobia | |
| |
| |
| The Demography of Homophobia | |
| |
| |
| The Risks of Race and Ethnicity Gender | |
| |
| |
| Masculinity and Homophobic Labels | |
| |
| |
| Gay Men | |
| |
| |
| Gay Rights | |
| |
| |
| Masculinity and Fatherhood | |
| |
| |
| Images of Fatherhood | |
| |
| |
| Socialization | |
| |
| |
| Parents as Partners | |
| |
| |
| Men in the Delivery Room | |
| |
| |
| Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Men at Middle Age and in Later Life | |
| |
| |
| Retirement | |
| |
| |
| Midlife as Crisis | |
| |
| |
| Women at Midlife | |
| |
| |
| Men at Midlife | |
| |
| |
| Widowhood | |
| |
| |
| Widows | |
| |
| |
| Widowers | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Violence | |
| |
| |
| Rape | |
| |
| |
| Statistics | |
| |
| |
| Profile of the Rapist | |
| |
| |
| Rape on College Campus | |
| |
| |
| Pornography and Rape | |
| |
| |
| Masculinity and Rape | |
| |
| |
| Why Doesn't She Leave? | |
| |
| |
| Sociological Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| The Men's Movement in the United States | |
| |
| |
| National Organization of Men Against Sexism | |
| |
| |
| Mythopoetic Men | |
| |
| |
| African American Men | |
| |
| |
| Promise Keepers | |
| |
| |
| Toward the Future | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender Roles: Focus on Social Institutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender, Work, and the Workplace | |
| |
| |
| Historical Overview | |
| |
| |
| The Home as the Workplace | |
| |
| |
| The Industrial Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Victorian Myths | |
| |
| |
| War and Jobs | |
| |
| |
| Balancing Multiple Work and Family Roles | |
| |
| |
| Employment and Health | |
| |
| |
| Caregiving | |
| |
| |
| Unpaid Work | |
| |
| |
| Money and Mental Health | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Institutions in Choice of Work | |
| |
| |
| The Influence of Family on Workplace | |
| |
| |
| Socialization | |
| |
| |
| Married with Children: the Demography of Career Achievement | |
| |
| |
| Career versus Job | |
| |
| |
| Economic Trends and the Family | |
| |
| |
| The Legal System | |
| |
| |
| Women in the Labor Force | |
| |
| |
| Gender-Typing in Occupational Distribution | |
| |
| |
| Women in the Professions | |
| |
| |
| White Collar Women | |
| |
| |
| The Wage Gap | |
| |
| |
| Triple Jeopardy: Gender, Race, and Social Class | |
| |
| |
| The Human Capital Model | |
| |
| |
| Symbolic Interaction and Conflict Theory | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Corporate Women | |
| |
| |
| Corporate Barriers | |
| |
| |
| The Glass Ceiling | |
| |
| |
| Toward Corporate Success | |
| |
| |
| Women Business Owners | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Management Styles: the Partnership Alternative | |
| |
| |
| Global Focus: Microenterprise and Women | |
| |
| |
| Women and Microcredit | |
| |
| |
| |
| Education and Gender Role Change | |
| |
| |
| A Brief Lesson in History | |
| |
| |
| The Enlightenment | |
| |
| |
| Progressive Education | |
| |
| |
| The Process of Education | |
| |
| |
| Kindergarten and Early Childhood Education | |
| |
| |
| Elementary and Middle School | |
| |
| |
| Jane and the Gendered Curriculum | |
| |
| |
| Dick and the Gendered Curriculum | |
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| High School | |
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| Gender and Mathematics | |
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| Social Class and Race | |
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| Gender Diversity: Race, Self-Esteem, and Academic Achievement | |
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| Gendered Tracking and Vocational Education | |
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| Gender in the Hidden CurriculumAthletics and Masculinity | |
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| Higher Education | |
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| The Gendered College Classroom | |
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| Major and Career Paths | |
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| Graduate School | |
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| Academic Women | |
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| Tenure | |
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| Gender Issues in Education | |
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| Shortchanged Students: Boys or Girls in Educational Crisis? | |
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| Assessing the Boy Crisis | |
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| College Entrance Exams | |
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| College Enrollment: Race, Social Class, and Age | |
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| What a Degree Buys | |
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| Single-Gender Education | |
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| Sexual Harassment in Schools | |
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| Sexual Harassment or Bullying? | |
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| Gender Parity in College | |
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| The Lessons of Title IX | |
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| Global Focus: the Developing World's Gender Gap in Education | |
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| Religion and Patriarchy | |
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| Rediscovering the Feminine Face of God | |
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| Goddess Images | |
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| Women's Religious Roles | |
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| Goddess as Creator | |
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| Africa | |
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| Asia | |
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| The Principle of Gender Complementarity | |
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| Critique | |
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| Islam | |
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| Feminist Views of Islam | |
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| Islamic Women in the United States | |
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| Hinduism | |
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| The Feminine in Hindu Scripture | |
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| Sati | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Family Life | |
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| Sexuality and Social Control | |
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| The Texts of Terror | |
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| Contemporary Images | |
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| Christianity | |
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| The Bible and Patriarchy | |
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| The Writings of Paul | |
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| Biblical Men | |
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| Alternative Views of Biblical Women | |
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| Gender Roles and American Christians | |
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| American Protestants | |
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| American Catholics | |
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| Gender, Religiosity, and Leadership | |
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| Gender and Religious Orientation | |
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| Sociological Perspectives | |
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| The Issue of Ordination | |
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| Confucianism and Islam | |
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| Judaism | |
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| Christianity | |
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| Catholicism | |
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| Protestantism | |
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| Clergy Women as Leaders | |
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| Toward an Inclusive Theology | |
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| The Language of Religion | |
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| Reinterpretation of Scripture | |
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| Feminist Theology | |
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| Media | |
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| Print Media | |
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| Magazines | |
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| Fiction | |
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| Articles | |
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| Advertising | |
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| Subtlety and Subliminals | |
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| Age and Gender | |
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| The Business of Beauty | |
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| Film | |
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| Screen History | |
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| Good Women and Bad Women | |
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| James Bond and "His Girls" | |
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| Pairing Sex and Violence | |
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| Aging Females, Ageless Males | |
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| Gender Parity and Portrayal | |
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| Music | |
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| Rock Music | |
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| The Women of Rock | |
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| Challenges to Misogyny | |
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| MTV and Music Videos | |
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| Television | |
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| Gendered Violence | |
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| Prime Time | |
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| Invisible Women | |
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| Intersecting Gender, Race, and Ethnicity | |
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| Comedy and Reality TV | |
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| Beauty and Age | |
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| Employed Women | |
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| Soap Operas | |
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| TVs Gendered Exceptions | |
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| Commercials | |
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| Men's Images in Media | |
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| Advertising | |
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| Film | |
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| Television | |
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| Situation Comedies: Men in Families | |
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| TV's Gender, Race, and Class Link | |
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| Working Class Men | |
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| Changing Images | |
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| Gender and Mass Media Industries | |
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| Television | |
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| Broadcast Journalism | |
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| Film | |
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| Directors | |
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| Media and Social Change | |
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| Changing for Profit and Social Progress | |
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| Women as Media Executives | |
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| Power, Politics, and the Law | |
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| The Law | |
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| Employment | |
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| BFOQ | |
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| Disparate Impact | |
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| Equal Pay Act | |
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| Comparable Worth | |
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| Affirmative Action | |
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| The Gender Race Link | |
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| The Courts | |
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| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | |
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| Education and Title IX | |
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| The Courts | |
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| Athletics | |
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| Benefits to Females | |
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| Sexual Harassment | |
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| The Thomas Hill Controversy | |
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| Domestic Relations | |
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| Divorce | |
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| Family Economics | |
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| Domestic Abuse and the Courts | |
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| Reproductive Rights | |
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| Legal History | |
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| Pro-Life | |
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| Pro-Choice | |
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| Crime | |
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| Socialization | |
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| Criminal Justice | |
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| Prostitution: A Case Study | |
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| Politics | |
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| The Gender Gap | |
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| Gender and Public Office | |
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| Women in Office | |
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| Appointments | |
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| Barriers to the Female Candidate | |
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| Socialization Factors | |
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| Beliefs about Women's Roles | |
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| Structural Barriers | |
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| Race and Gender in Election 2008 | |
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| The Primary Election | |
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| The General Election | |
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| HRC: the Hillary Factor | |
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| The Equal Rights Amendment | |
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| Ratification's Rocky Path | |
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| Issues of Interpretation | |
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| The Draft | |
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| ERA Campaign Network | |
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| Feminism in the Twenty-First Century | |