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| Reasoning | |
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| Basic Logical Concepts | |
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| What Logic Is | |
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| Propositions and Sentences | |
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| Arguments, Premisses, and Conclusions | |
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| More Complex Arguments | |
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| Recognizing Arguments | |
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| Deduction and Induction | |
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| Validity and Truth | |
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| Arguments and Explanations | |
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| Analyzing and Diagramming Arguments | |
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| Argument Diagrams | |
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| Analyzing Passages Containing More than One Argument | |
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| Analyzing Complex Argumentative Passages | |
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| Solving Problems Using Logic | |
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| Problem Solving | |
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| Problems in Reasoning | |
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| Retrograde Reasoning | |
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| Language | |
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| The Uses of Language | |
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| Three Basic Functions of Language | |
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| Discourse Serving Multiple Functions | |
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| The Forms of Discourse | |
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| Emotive Words | |
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| Kinds of Agreement and Disagreement | |
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| Emotively Neutral Language | |
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| Definition | |
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| Disputes, Verbal Disputes, and Definitions | |
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| Kinds of Definition and the Resolution of Disputes | |
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| Denotation (Extension) and Connotation (Intension) | |
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| Extension and Denotative Definitions | |
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| Intension and Connotative Definitions | |
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| Rules for Definition by Genus and Difference | |
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| Fallacies | |
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| What Is a Fallacy? | |
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| Fallacies of Relevance | |
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| Fallacies of Presumption | |
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| Fallacies of Ambiguity | |
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| Deduction | |
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| Categorical Propositions | |
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| The Theory of Deduction | |
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| Categorical Propositions and Classes | |
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| Quality, Quantity, and Distribution | |
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| The Traditional Square of Opposition | |
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| Further Immediate Inferences | |
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| Existential Import | |
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| Symbolism and Diagrams for Categorical Propositions | |
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| Categorical Syllogisms | |
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| Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms | |
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| The Formal Nature of Syllogistic Argument | |
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| Venn Diagram Technique for Testing Syllogisms | |
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| Syllogistic Rules and Syllogistic Fallacies | |
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| Exposition of the 15 Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism | |
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| Arguments in Ordinary Language | |
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| Syllogistic Arguments in Ordinary Language | |
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| Reducing the Number of Terms in a Syllogistic Argument | |
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| Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form | |
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| Uniform Translation | |
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| Enthymemes | |
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| Sorites | |
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| Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogisms | |
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| The Dilemma | |
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| Symbolic Logic | |
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| The Symbolic Language of Modern Logic | |
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| The Symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction | |
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| Conditional Statements and Material Implication | |
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| Argument Forms and Arguments | |
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| Statement Forms, Material Equivalence, and Logical Equivalence | |
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| The Paradoxes of Material Implication | |
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| The Three Laws of Thought | |
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| The Method of Deduction | |
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| Formal Proof of Validity | |
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| The Rule of Replacement | |
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| Proof of Invalidity | |
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| Inconsistency | |
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| Quantification Theory | |
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| Singular Propositions | |
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| Quantification | |
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| Traditional Subject-Predicate Propositions | |
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| Proving Validity | |
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| Proving Invalidity | |
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| Asyllogistic Inference | |
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| Induction | |
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| Analogy and Probable Inference | |
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| Argument by Analogy | |
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| Appraising Analogical Arguments | |
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| Refutation by Logical Analogy | |
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| Causal Connections: Mill's Methods of Experimental Inquiry | |
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| Cause and Effect | |
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| Mill's Methods | |
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| Critique of Mill's Methods | |
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| Science and Hypothesis | |
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| The Values of Science | |
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| Explanations: Scientific and Unscientific | |
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| Evaluating Scientific Explanation | |
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| Seven Stages of Scientific Investigation | |
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| Scientists in Action: The Pattern of Scientific Investigation | |
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| Crucial Experiments and Ad Hoc Hypotheses | |
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| Classification as Hypothesis | |
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| Probability | |
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| Alternative Conceptions of Probability | |
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| The Probability Calculus | |
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| Probability of Joint Occurrences | |
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| Probability of Alternative Occurrences | |
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| Expected Value | |
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| Solutions to Selected Exercises | |
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| Special Symbols | |
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| Glossary and Index of Logical Terms | |
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| Index of Names and Titles | |