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Preface | |
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The Nature of Perspective | |
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New Perspectives Mean New Realities | |
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Perspectives Are Socially Created | |
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Are All Perspectives Created Equal? | |
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Summary | |
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Some Examples of Perspectives: Informal and Formal Perspectives | |
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The Perspective of Social Science | |
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Five Ways of Knowing | |
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Science as a Perspective | |
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Social Science as a Perspective | |
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Sociology As a Perspective | |
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Psychology As a Perspective | |
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Commonalities and Differences Between Sociology and Psychology | |
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The Perspective of Social Psychology in Psychology | |
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The Perspective of Social Psychology in Sociology | |
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Summary | |
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Symbolic Interactionism As a Perspective | |
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Introduction: Five Central Ideas | |
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General Historical Background of Symbolic Interactionism | |
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Mead and Pragmatism | |
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Mead and Darwin | |
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Mead and Behaviorism | |
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A Contrast with Other Perspectives: Warriner | |
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Shibutani: Reference Groups as Perspectives | |
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Attitudes Versus Perspectives | |
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Summary | |
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The Meaning of the Symbol | |
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The Nature of Reality | |
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Importance of a Socially Defined Reality | |
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Objects as "Social Objects" | |
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The Meaning of Symbols | |
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Some Types of Symbols | |
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Language | |
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Words Are Categories | |
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Nonsymbolic Animals | |
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How Animals Approach Environment | |
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Symbols Versus Signs | |
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Summary | |
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The Importance of the Symbol | |
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Symbols and Social Reality | |
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Symbols and Human Social Life | |
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Symbols and the Individual | |
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Naming, Memory, Categorizing | |
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Perception | |
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Thinking | |
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Deliberation and Problem Solving | |
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Transcendence of Space and Time | |
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Transcendence of One's Own Person | |
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Abstract Reality | |
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Creativity | |
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Self-Direction | |
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The Importance of Symbols: A Summary | |
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The Nature of the Self | |
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Self as a Social Object | |
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Self as Social: Four Social Stages for Self-Development | |
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The Preparatory Stage | |
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The Play Stage | |
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The Game Stage | |
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The Reference Group Stage | |
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Selves as Ever-Changing Social Objects | |
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Self as Object | |
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Action Toward Self: Self-Communication | |
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Action Toward Self: Self-Perception | |
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Self-Perception: Assessment of Our Own Action | |
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Self-Perception: The Development of Self-Concept | |
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Self-Perception: Self-Judgment | |
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Self-Perception: Identity | |
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Action Toward Self: Self-Control | |
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Central Ideas about the Self | |
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The "I" and the "Me" | |
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The Human Mind | |
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The Meaning of Mind: Symbolic Interaction Toward Self | |
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Mind Action: Making Indications Toward Self | |
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Mind Action: The Ability to Control Over Action | |
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Mind Action: The Ability to Problem Solve | |
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Mind Action Is Part of All Social Interaction | |
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Summary | |
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Taking the Role of the Other | |
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Imagination and Taking the Role of the Other | |
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Symbols, Self, Mind, and Taking the Role of the Other | |
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The Meaning of "Taking the Role of the Other" | |
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Taking the Role of the Other: Significant Others, Generalized Other, and Others in the Situation | |
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The Importance of Taking the Role of the Other | |
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Summary | |
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Human Action | |
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The "Stream of Action" | |
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The Act | |
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Action, Goals, and Social Objects | |
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Mead's Four Stages of the Act | |
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Another Look at Mead's Four Stages of the Act | |
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Locating the "Cause" of Human Action | |
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The Definition of the Situation | |
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Habitual Action | |
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The Role of the Past in Human Action | |
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The Role of the Future in Human Action | |
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Action and Motives | |
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Action and Emotions | |
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Human Action and Free Choice | |
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Summary | |
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Social Interaction | |
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The Meaning of Social Interaction | |
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Social Interaction Develops Out of Social Action | |
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Social Interaction Is Ongoing Social Action Among Actors | |
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The General Importance of Social Interaction | |
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Social Interaction Forms Our Basic Human Qualities | |
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Social Interaction Is an Importance Cause of Human Action | |
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Social Interaction Shapes Identities | |
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Social Interaction Creates Society | |
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Summary | |
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Society | |
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Two Views of Society | |
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Groups, Organizations, Social Worlds, and Societies | |
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Society Is Symbolic Interaction | |
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Society Is Symbolic Interaction That Is Characterized by Cooperative Action | |
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Society Is Social Interaction That Is Symbolic, That Is Characterized by Cooperation, and That Develops Culture | |
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Culture Is a Shared Perspective | |
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Culture Is a Generalized Other | |
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Culture Maintains Society | |
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Culture Is Ever-changing | |
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The Meaning of Society: A Summary | |
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The Individual Exists Within Many Societies | |
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The Active Human Being in Society | |
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Summary | |
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Erving Goffman | |
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Goffman and Symbolic Interactionism | |
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Drama in Interaction | |
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Impressions and Performance | |
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Performance Teams | |
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Reaction to Goffman's Dramaturgical View | |
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The Self of Social Interaction | |
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Goffman's View of Self | |
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Social Control and Self | |
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Rituals of Interaction | |
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The Meaning of Ritual | |
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The Importance of Ritual | |
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The Environments of Social Interaction | |
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Summary | |
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Symbolic Interactionism: A Final Assessment | |
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Symbolic Interactionism and Human Freedom: A Review | |
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Symbolic Interactionism and Science | |
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Symbolic Interactionism: Some Representative Studies | |
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A Study of Pregnant Drug Users | |
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A Study of Sam's Definition of Pain and Injury | |
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A Study of Identity Formation in a Maximum-Security Prison | |
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A Study of First-time Tattooees | |
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A Study of Compulsive Gamblers | |
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A Study of Student Anxiety: Not Studying Hegel So Much as Doing Laundry | |
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Symbolic Interactionism: Some Examples of Application | |
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An Understanding of Society | |
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An Understanding of Racism in Society | |
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An Understanding of Gender Differences | |
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An Understanding of Childhood Socialization | |
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Symbolic Interactionism: A View of the College Experience | |
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Symbolic Interactionism: A Final Look at Application | |
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The Importance of the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Index | |