| |
| |
"What Is the West?" | |
| |
| |
The Shifting Borders of the West | |
| |
| |
Changing Identities within the West | |
| |
| |
Western Values | |
| |
| |
Asking the Right Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
The Beginnings of Civilizations, 10,000-1150 B.C.E | |
| |
| |
Defining Civilization, Defining Western Civilization | |
| |
| |
Mesopotamia: Kingdoms, Empires, and Conquests | |
| |
| |
Egypt: the Empire of the Nile | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Civilization and the West | |
| |
| |
| |
The Age of Empires: the International Bronze Age and its Aftermath, ca. 1500-550 B.C.E | |
| |
| |
The Dynamism of the International Bronze Age | |
| |
| |
Recovery and Rebuilding: Empires and Societies in the Aftermath of the International Bronze Age | |
| |
| |
The Civilization of the Hebrews | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: International Systems, Ancient Empires, and the Roots of Western Civilization | |
| |
| |
| |
Persians, Hebrews, and Greeks: the Foundations of Western Culture, 1100-336 B.C.E | |
| |
| |
Greece Rebuilds, 1100���479 B.C.E | |
| |
| |
The Greek Encounter with Persia | |
| |
| |
The Classical Age of Greece, 479���336 B.C.E | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Cultural Foundations of the West | |
| |
| |
| |
Hellenistic Civilization | |
| |
| |
The Impact of Alexander the Great | |
| |
| |
Hellenism in the East and West | |
| |
| |
Hellenistic Society and Culture | |
| |
| |
Hellenistic Philosophy and Science | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Defining the West in the Hellenistic Age | |
| |
| |
| |
The Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
The Nature of the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
Roman Territorial Expansion | |
| |
| |
The Culture of the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
Social Life in Republican Rome | |
| |
| |
The End of the Roman Republic | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Roman Republic and the West | |
| |
| |
| |
Enclosing the West: the Early Roman Empire and Its Neighbors: 31 B.C.E.-235 C.E | |
| |
| |
The Imperial Center | |
| |
| |
Life in the Roman Provinces: Assimilation, Resistance, and Romanization | |
| |
| |
The Frontier and Beyond | |
| |
| |
Society and Culture in the Imperial Age | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Rome Shapes the West | |
| |
| |
| |
Late Antiquity: the Age of New Boundaries, 250-600 | |
| |
| |
Crisis and Recovery in the Third Century | |
| |
| |
Toward a Christian Empire | |
| |
| |
New Christian Communities and Identities | |
| |
| |
The Break-Up of the Roman Empire | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Age of New Boundaries | |
| |
| |
| |
Medieval Empires and Borderlands: Byzantium and Islam | |
| |
| |
Byzantium: the Survival of the Roman Empire | |
| |
| |
The New World of Islam | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Three Cultural Realms | |
| |
| |
| |
Medieval Empires and Borderlands: the Latin West | |
| |
| |
The Birth of Latin Christendom | |
| |
| |
The Carolingians | |
| |
| |
Invasions and Recovery in the Latin West | |
| |
| |
The West in the East: the Crusades | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: An Emerging Unity in the Latin West | |
| |
| |
| |
Medieval Civilization: the Rise of Western Europe | |
| |
| |
Two Worlds: Manors and Cities | |
| |
| |
The Consolidation of Roman Catholicism | |
| |
| |
Strengthening the Center of the West | |
| |
| |
Medieval Culture: the Search for Understanding | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Asserting Western Culture | |
| |
| |
| |
The Medieval West in Crisis | |
| |
| |
A Time of Death | |
| |
| |
A Cold Wind from the East | |
| |
| |
Economic Depression and Social Turmoil | |
| |
| |
An Age of Warfare | |
| |
| |
A Troubled Church and the Demand for Religious Comfort | |
| |
| |
The Culture of Loss | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Looking Inward | |
| |
| |
| |
The Italian Renaissance and Beyond: the Politics of Culture | |
| |
| |
The Cradle of the Renaissance: the Italian City-States | |
| |
| |
The Influence of Ancient Culture | |
| |
| |
The Early Modern European State System | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Politics of Culture | |
| |
| |
| |
The West and the World: the Significance of Global Encounters, 1450-1650 | |
| |
| |
Europeans in Africa | |
| |
| |
Europeans in the Americas | |
| |
| |
Europeans in Asia | |
| |
| |
The Beginnings of the Global System | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Significance of the Global Encounters | |
| |
| |
| |
The Reformation of Religion | |
| |
| |
Causes of the Reformation | |
| |
| |
The Lutheran Reformation | |
| |
| |
The Diversity of Protestantism | |
| |
| |
The Catholic Reformation | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Competing Understandings | |
| |
| |
| |
The Age of Confessional Division | |
| |
| |
The Peoples of Early Modern Europe | |
| |
| |
Disciplining the People | |
| |
| |
Hunting Witches | |
| |
| |
The Confessional States | |
| |
| |
States and Confessions in Eastern Europe | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Divisions of the West | |
| |
| |
| |
Absolutism and State-Building in Europe, 1618-1715 | |
| |
| |
The Nature of Absolutism | |
| |
| |
The Absolutist State in France and Spain | |
| |
| |
Absolutism and State-Building in Central and Eastern Europe | |
| |
| |
Resistance to Absolutism in England and the Dutch Republic | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: the Western State in the Age of Absolutism | |
| |
| |
| |
The Scientific Revolution | |
| |
| |
The Discoveries and Achievements of the Scientific Revolution | |
| |
| |
The Search for Scientific Knowledge | |
| |
| |
The Causes of the Scientific Revolution | |
| |
| |
The Intellectual Consequences of the Scientific Revolution | |
| |
| |
Humans and the Natural World | |
| |
| |
Conclusion: Science and Western Culture | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Index | |