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| Preface | |
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| The Process Model | |
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| The [Single-Threaded] Process | |
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| The Context of a Process | |
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| The Process Model Operating System | |
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| Process Scheduling | |
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| Process Context Switches | |
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| Process Life Cycle, Modes, States, and Transitions | |
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| An Illustration of a Process | |
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| The Limitations of Single-Threaded Programs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The Thread Model | |
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| Analogy of Single-Threaded Execution | |
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| Analogy of Multithreaded Execution | |
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| The Benefits of Threads | |
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| Thread Context, Modes, States, and Transitions | |
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| User Threads and Kernel Threads | |
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| Bound and Unbound Threads | |
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| The Thread Model Operating System | |
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| Many-to-One (Mx1) | |
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| One-to-One (1x1) | |
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| Many-to-Many (MxN) | |
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| An Illustration of a Multithreaded Program | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Introduction to POSIX | |
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| The POSIX Standard | |
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| POSIX Components | |
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| POSIX Options | |
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| Compile-Time Checking | |
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| Run-Time Checking | |
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| Namespace Reservation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Basic Thread Management | |
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| Relating Process and Thread Model Functions | |
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| Creating a Thread | |
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| Waiting for a Thread | |
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| Detaching a Thread | |
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| Terminating a Thread | |
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| Finding and Comparing Thread Ids | |
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| Performing One-Time Initialization | |
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| Establishing Fork Handlers | |
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| Creating Specialized Thread Attributes | |
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| Handling Thread Management Errors | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread Synchronization | |
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| Thread Synchronization | |
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| Mutexes | |
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| Mutex Attributes | |
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| Initializing and Destroying Mutexes | |
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| Locking and Unlocking Mutexes | |
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| Example: Mutexes and Spinlocks | |
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| Condition Variables | |
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| Condition Variable Attributes | |
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| Initializing and Destroying Condition Variables | |
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| Waiting on a Condition | |
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| Signaling a Condition | |
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| Example: Condition Variables and Barriers | |
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| Semaphores | |
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| Initializing and Destroying Unnamed Semaphores | |
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| Locking and Unlocking Semaphores | |
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| Handling Synchronization Errors | |
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| Memory Models and Synchronization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread Scheduling | |
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| Thread Scheduling Contention Scopes | |
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| Thread Scheduling Policies | |
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| Sched_fifo. Sched_rr. Sched_other | |
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| A Thread's Scheduling Policy and Priority | |
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| Thread Scheduling Priority Values | |
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| Thread Scheduling Allocation Domains | |
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| Thread Creation Scheduling Attributes | |
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| Dynamic Thread Scheduling | |
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| Yielding the Processor | |
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| Priority Inversion and Mutexes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Threads and Signals | |
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| Signals in the Thread Model | |
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| Synchronous and Asynchronous Signals | |
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| Examining Changing a Thread's Signal Mask | |
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| Sending Signals to Threads | |
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| Waiting for a Signal | |
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| Async-Signal Safe Thread Functions | |
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| A New Signal Delivery Method: Sigev_thread | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread Cancellation | |
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| Thread Cancellation | |
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| Thread Cancelability States | |
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| Cancellation Points | |
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| Setting Thread Cancelability States | |
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| Creating a Cancellation Point | |
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| Installing Cancellation Cleanup Handlers | |
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| Canceling a Thread | |
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| Async-Cancel Safety | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread-Specific Data | |
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| Thread-Specific Data | |
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| Creating Thread-Specific Data Keys | |
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| Deleting Thread-Specific Data Keys | |
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| Accessing Thread-Specific Data Elements | |
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| The Special Case, errno | |
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| Example: Per-Thread Signal Handlers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread Extensions | |
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| HP and X Open Thread Extensions | |
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| Thread Stack Attributes | |
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| Suspending and Resuming Threads | |
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| Mutex Extensions | |
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| Condition Variable Expiration Time | |
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| Read-Write Locks | |
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| Read-Write Lock Attributes | |
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| Initializing and Destroying Read-Write Locks | |
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| Locking and Unlocking Read-Write Locks | |
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| The Timeshare Scheduling Policy | |
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| Thread to Processor Binding | |
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| Thread Concurrency and MxN Threads | |
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| Scheduling Unbound Kernel Entities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Thread F X | |
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| fork(), exec(), exit(), and wait() | |
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| File and Message-Passing Operations | |
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| Signals | |
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| Locale State | |
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| Timers and Sleepers | |
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| NonLocal Jumps | |
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| Scheduling | |
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| Other Functions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Writing Thread-Safe Code | |