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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Differences between Writing and Talking | |
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| Ways to Improve Your Writing | |
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| Read | |
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| Write | |
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| Increase Your Vocabulary | |
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| Welcome to This Book | |
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| Sentence Essentials | |
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| The Basic Sentence | |
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| Subjects and Predicates | |
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| Sentences and Bicycles | |
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| Identifying Subjects and Predicates | |
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| Expanding the Parts | |
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| Adjectives | |
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| Adjectives Ending in -ed | |
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| Adjectives in Comparisons | |
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| Longer Adjectives | |
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| Double Comparisons | |
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| Adverbs | |
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| Prepositional Phrases | |
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| CHART: Common Prepositions | |
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| Dependent Clauses | |
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| Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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| CHART: Common Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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| Using Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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| Using Commas | |
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| Sentence Combining | |
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| More Dependent Clauses | |
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| The Relative Pronouns Who, Which, and That | |
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| Placing Clauses Correctly | |
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| Using Who, Which, and That | |
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| Sentence Combining | |
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| Combining Sentences with That | |
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| Combining Sentences with Which | |
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| Combining Sentences with Who | |
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| HOW TO Decide: Comma or No Comma | |
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| Sentence Fragments | |
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| Missing-Subject Fragments | |
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| Missing-Verb Fragments | |
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| Dependent Clause Fragments | |
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| CHART: Common Subordinating Conjunctions | |
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| CHART: Common Relative Pronouns | |
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| Added-Description Fragments | |
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| Added-Detail Fragments | |
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| -ing Fragments | |
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| To Fragments | |
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| Finding Fragments | |
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| HOW TO Find Fragments | |
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| Punctuating Sentences | |
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| Periods and Semicolons | |
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| Periods | |
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| Semicolons | |
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| Run-on Sentences | |
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| Correcting Run-on Sentences | |
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| Finding Run-on Sentences | |
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| HOW TO Find Run-ons | |
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| Check Pronouns | |
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| Look for Ands and Sos | |
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| Using Commas | |
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| CHART: Summary of Commas | |
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| Rules 1 and 2 | |
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| Commas with Items in a Series | |
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| Single Words | |
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| Groups of Words | |
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| Commas with Coordinating Conjunctions | |
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| CHART: Coordinating Conjunctions | |
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| HOW TO Decide: Comma or No Comma | |
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| Use a Comma | |
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| Do Not Use a Comma | |
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| Rules 3, 4, and 5 | |
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| Commas with Additions on the Front | |
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| Commas with Additions in the Middle | |
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| Commas with Additions on the Back | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Word Choice | |
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| Verbs | |
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| CHART: Regular Verb Forms | |
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| Present Tense | |
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| CHART: Present Tense | |
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| Future Tense | |
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| Past Tense | |
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| The Infinitive | |
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| Helping Verbs | |
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| Active Voice | |
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| Passive Voice | |
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| Fixed-Form Helping Verbs | |
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| CHART: Fixed-Form Helping Verbs | |
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| Can and Could | |
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| Will and Would | |
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| Subject-Verb Agreement | |
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| Subjects and Verbs | |
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| CHART: Present Tense | |
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| The Verbs Be, Do, and Have | |
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| The Verb Be | |
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| CHART: Present Tense and Past Tense | |
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| Present Tense | |
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| Past Tense | |
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| Using Contraction | |
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| The Verb Do | |
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| CHART: Present Tense and Past Tense | |
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| Present Tense | |
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| Using Contraction | |
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| Past Tense | |
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| The Verb Have | |
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| CHART: Present Tense and Past Tense | |
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| Present Tense | |
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| Using Contraction | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Singular Subjects | |
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| Gerunds | |
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| Collective Nouns | |
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| CHART: Groups Often Treated as Singular | |
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| Amounts | |
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| Plural Subjects | |
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| Tricky Agreement Situations | |
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| Prepositional Phrases | |
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| There Is/There Are and Here Is/Here Are | |
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| Questions | |
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| Irregular Verbs | |
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| CHART: Verb Forms | |
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| A List of Irregular Verbs | |
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| Easily Confused Words | |
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| Pronouns | |
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| Pronoun Types and Reference | |
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| Personal Pronouns | |
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| CHART: Personal Pronouns | |
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| Indefinite Pronouns | |
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| CHART: Common Indefinite Pronouns | |
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| Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns | |
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| CHART: Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns | |
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| Pronoun Reference | |
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| Avoiding Vague Reference | |
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| Avoiding a Shift | |
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| Pronoun Agreement and Placement | |
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| Agreement with Singular and Plural | |
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| A Common Problem | |
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| Solution 1 | |
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| Solution 2 | |
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| Recognizing Subject and Object | |
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| A Common Problem | |
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| Solution | |
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| Pronoun Placement | |
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| Fine-Tuning Sentences | |
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| Clarity | |
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| Choosing Words Carefully | |
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| Avoiding a Shift in Tense | |
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| Omitting Double Negatives | |
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| Omitting Unnecessary Words | |
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| Avoid Repeating the Subject | |
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| Delete Empty Words | |
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| Get Straight to the Point | |
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| Replace Wordy Phrases | |
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| Combine and Condense Sentences | |
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| Using Specific Words | |
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| Parallel Structures | |
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| Similar Forms | |
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| Basic Setup | |
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| Paired Words | |
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| Either...Or | |
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| Neither...Nor | |
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| Not Only...But Also | |
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| Sentence Variety | |
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| Additions on the Front | |
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| Prepositional Phrases | |
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| Infinitive Phrases | |
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| -ing Additions | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Additions in the Middle | |
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| Appositives | |
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| -ing Additions | |
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| Additions on the Back | |
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| Summary | |
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| Punctuation and Mechanics | |
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| Apostrophes and Quotation Marks | |
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| Apostrophes | |
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| Contraction | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Possession | |
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| HOW TO Use -s and an Apostrophe Correctly | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Quotation Marks | |
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| Short Works of Art | |
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| Direct Quotations | |
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| Capitalization and More Punctuation | |
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| Capital Letters | |
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| Proper and Common Nouns | |
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| CHART: Proper Nouns and Common Nouns | |
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| Compass Directions | |
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| Buildings | |
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| Titles | |
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| Family Relationships | |
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| Capitalizing Additional Nouns | |
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| Abbreviations for People and Organizations | |
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| Abbreviations for Time | |
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| Words in Titles | |
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| More Punctuation Marks | |
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| Commas-Additional Uses | |
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| Separating Two Adjectives | |
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| Opening and Closing a Letter | |
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| Setting Off Parts of a Date | |
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| Setting Off Parts of an Address | |
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| Setting Off Numbers | |
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| Colons | |
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| Lists | |
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| Explanations | |
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| Dashes | |
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| Exclamation Points | |
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| Parentheses | |
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| Question Marks | |
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| Writing Paragraphs and Essays | |
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| The Writing Process | |
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| Discovering Ideas | |
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| Organizing Ideas | |
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| Finding a Main Idea and Support | |
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| Sketching an Outline | |
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| HOW TO Outline a Paragraph | |
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| Drafting | |
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| HOW TO Bypass Roadblocks | |
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| Revising | |
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| HOW TO Revise | |
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| Editing | |
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| HOW TO Edit | |
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| Using Standard Format | |
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| Checkpoints for Papers | |
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| The Main Idea | |
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| Convincing Support | |
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| Organized Support | |
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| Using Time Order | |
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| Using Order of Importance | |
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| Sticking to the Point | |
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| Connected Support | |
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| Transition Words | |
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| CHART: Transition Words | |
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| Key Words or Ideas | |
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| Transition Sentences | |
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| The Conclusion | |
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| HOW TO Write a Conclusion | |
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| Writing Prompts for One- to Two-Paragraph Papers | |
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| Essays | |
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| Essay Diagram | |
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| Introductory Paragraph | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Supporting Paragraphs | |
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| Ordering Ideas | |
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| Time Order | |
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| Order of Importance | |
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| Categories | |
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| Helpful Hint | |
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| Outlining Ideas | |
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| HOW TO Outline an Essay | |
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| Concluding Paragraph | |
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| Writing Prompts for Essays | |
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| Basics for Nonnative Speakers | |
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| Nonnative Speaker Information | |
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| Nouns | |
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| Count Nouns | |
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| Noncount Nouns | |
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| Determiners | |
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| Common Determiners | |
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| A, An, and The | |
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| This, That, These, and Those | |
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| CHART: Proximity and Number | |
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| Some and Any | |
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| Verbs | |
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| Verbs Followed by an Infinitive | |
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| Verbs Followed by an -ing Verb Form | |
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| Verbs Followed by either an Infinitive or an -ing Verb Form | |
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| Verb Forms Used as Adjectives | |
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| Prepositions | |
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| Prepositions with Verbs | |
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| Prepositions with Adjectives | |
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| Order of Adjectives | |
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| Sentence Structure | |
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| Questions | |
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| Negatives | |
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| Using Although and Because | |
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| Answers to Self Tests | |
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| Glossary of Grammatical Terms | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |