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(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Key Terms, Questions and Exercises, References, Suggested Reading, and Web Resources.) | |
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The History of Ocean Exploration and Ocean Science | |
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Early Evidence of Ocean Travel | |
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The Scientific Discoveries of the Greeks and Romans | |
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The Middle Ages and the Ming Dynasty | |
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European Exploration and the Renaissance | |
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The Beginning of Ocean Science | |
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Twentieth Century Oceanography | |
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Beginnings of the Universe, Earth, and Life | |
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The Universe and the Solar System | |
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Origin of the Solar System and of Earth | |
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The Composition of Earth | |
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Relative and Absolute Dating | |
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Origin of the Atmosphere and Oceans | |
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Cycling and Mass Balance | |
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The Origin of Life | |
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Global Plate Tectonics | |
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Isostasy | |
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Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Continents | |
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Evidence for Plate Tectonics from the Oceans | |
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Plate Boundaries | |
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Marine Provinces | |
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Bathymetry | |
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Continental Margin Marine Provinces | |
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Marine Sediments | |
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Sediment Sources | |
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Classification of Marine Sediments | |
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Controls of Oceanic Sediment Accumulation | |
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Distribution of Oceanic Sediments | |
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The Physical Properties of Water and Seawater | |
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The Water Molecule | |
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Surface Tension and Viscosity | |
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Light Transmission in Water | |
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Sound Transmission in Seawater | |
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The Thermal Properties of Water | |
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The Water Cycle | |
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The Chemistry of Seawater | |
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The Dissolving Power of Water | |
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Ocean Water Salinity | |
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Seawater Density | |
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Dissolved Gases in Water | |
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Acidity and Alkalinity | |
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Organic Chemistry of Seawater | |
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Variations in Seawater Composition with Depth and Latitude | |
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Source of the Salts | |
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Biogeochemical Cycles | |
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Air-Sea Interaction | |
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Solar Energy Received by Earth | |
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Heat Flow and the Coriolis Effect | |
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Heat Budget of the World Ocean and Climate Patterns | |
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Fog | |
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Ice Formation | |
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Energy from Ocean Thermal Gradients | |
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Ocean Circulation | |
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Horizontal Circulation | |
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Vertical Circulation | |
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Antarctic Circulation | |
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Atlantic Ocean Circulation | |
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Pacific Ocean Circulation | |
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Indian Ocean Circulation | |
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El Nioo-Southern Oscillation Events | |
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Power from the Winds and Currents | |
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Waves | |
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Definition of a Wave | |
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Wave Characteristics | |
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Making Waves | |
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Interaction with the Shore | |
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Storm Surges | |
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Tsunami | |
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Internal Waves | |
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Harnessing Wave Energy | |
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Tides | |
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Generating Tides | |
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Equtilibrium Theory of Tides | |
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Prediction of Equilibrium Tides | |
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Dynamic Theory of Tides | |
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Types of Tides | |
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Tides Observed throughout the World | |
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Tides as a Source of Power | |
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The Shore | |
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Plate Tectonics and the Coasts | |
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Coastal Terminology | |
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Classification of Coasts | |
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U.S. Coastal Conditions | |
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Coastal Development | |
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Coastal Water and Marginal Seas | |
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Coastal Water Circulation | |
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Estuaries | |
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Wetlands | |
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Serious Loss of Valuable Wetlands | |
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Lagoons | |
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Marginal Seas | |
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The Marine Environment | |
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Marine Organisms and the Chemistry of Their Environment | |
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Marine Organisms and the Physical Properties of Their Environment | |
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The Distribution of Life | |
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Classifying Organisms | |
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Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer | |
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Classification of Organisms | |
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Macroscopic Algae and Plants | |
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Microscopic Algae | |
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Primary Productivity | |
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Ecosystems and Energy Transfer | |
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Ozone Depletion and Phytoplankton Production | |
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Animals of the Pelagic Environment | |
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Staying above the Ocean Floor | |
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Adaptations for Seeking Prey | |
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Marine Mammals | |
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Group Behavior | |
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Other Adaptive Behaviors | |
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Animals of the Benthic Environment | |
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Distribution of Benthic Animals | |
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Animals of Rocky Shores | |
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Animals of Sediment-Covered Shores | |
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Animals of the Shallow Offshore Ocean Floor | |
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Coral Reefs | |
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Animals of the Deep-Ocean Floor | |