| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Defining Work Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Occupations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Productivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization of the Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Systems and How They Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manual Work and Worker-Machine Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manual Work Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worker-Machine Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Automated Work Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determining Worker and Machine Requirements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Machine Clusters | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Flow and Batch Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sequential Operations and Work Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Batch Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Defects in Sequential Operations and Batch Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Cells and Worker Teams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Manual Assembly Lines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fundamentals of Manual Assembly Lines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Single Model Assembly Lines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Line Balancing Algorithms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Considerations in Assembly Line Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alternative Assembly Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Logistics Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Logistics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transportation Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Material Handling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Quantitative Analysis of Material-Handling Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Service Operations and Office Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Service Operations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Office Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Projects and Project Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Project Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Project Scheduling Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Project Crashing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Software for Projects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methods Engineering and Layout Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Methods Engineering and Operations Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evolution and Scope of Methods Engineering | |
| |
| |
| |
| How to Apply Methods Engineering | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Data Collection and Analysis Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methods Engineering and Automation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charting and Diagramming Techniques for Operations Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Charting and Diagramming Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Network Diagrams | |
| |
| |
| |
| Traditional Industrial Engineering Charting and Diagramming Techniques | |
| |
| |
| |
| Block Diagrams and Process Maps | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motion Study and Work Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Basic Motion Elements and Work Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles of Motion Economy and Work Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Facility Layout Planning and Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| Types of Production Plant Layouts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Types of Layouts | |
| |
| |
| |
| Systematic Layout Planning | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time Study and Work Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Work Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time Standards and How They Are Determined | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prerequisites for Valid Time Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Allowances in Time Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Accuracy, Precision, and Application Speed Ratio in Work Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct Time Study | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct Time Study Procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Number of Work Cycles to be Timed | |
| |
| |
| |
| Performance Rating | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time Study Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Predetermined Motion Time Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Predetermined Motion Time Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maynard Operation Sequence Technique (MOST) | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standard Data Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using a Standard Data System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Developing a Standard Data System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Element Classification in Standard Data Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Machine-Controlled Element Times | |
| |
| |
| |
| SDS Advantages and Disadvantages | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Sampling | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Work Sampling Works | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistical Basis of Work Sampling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Application Issues in Work Sampling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Computerized Work Measurement and Standards Maintenance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Computer Systems for Direct Time Study and Work Sampling | |
| |
| |
| |
| Computerized Systems Based on Predetermined Motion Times and Standard Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Measurement Based on Expert Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintenance of Time Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Economics and Applications of Time Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Justification of Work Measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applications of Time Standards and Time Study | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning Curves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning Curve Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why the Learning Curve Occurs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determining the Learning Rate | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factors Affecting the Learning Curve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learnign Curve Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time Standards Versus the Learning Curve | |
| |
| |
| |
| New Approaches in Process Improvement and Work Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lean Production | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elimination of Waste | |
| |
| |
| |
| Just-in-Time Production | |
| |
| |
| |
| Autonomation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worker Involvement | |
| |
| |
| |
| Six Sigma and Other Quality Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview and Statistical Basis of Six Sigma | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Six Sigma DMAIC Procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Quality Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sigma Levels, Defects per Million, Fraction Defect Rate, and Yield in Six Sigma | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ergonomics and Human Factors in the Workplace | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Ergonomics and Human Factors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human-Machine Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Topic Areas in Ergonomics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physical Ergonomics: Work Physiology and Anthropometry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Physiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Muscular Effort and Work Physiology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anthropometry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cognitive Ergonomics: The Human Sensory System and Information Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Human Sensory System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Perception | |
| |
| |
| |
| Attention Resources | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Response Selection and Execution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Common Cognitive Tasks | |
| |
| |
| |
| Design Guidelines for Cognitive Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Physical Work Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Visual Environment and Lighting | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Auditory Environment and Noise | |
| |
| |
| |
| Climate Control in the Work Environment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Occupational Safety and Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Industrial Accidents and Injuries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Occupational Disorders and Diseases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Occupational Safety Health Laws and Agencies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Safety and Health Performance Metrics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Traditional Topics in Work Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Work Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization Principles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Organization Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| Worker Motivation and the Social Organization at Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Motivation and Job Satisfaction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Social Organization at Work | |
| |
| |
| |
| Job Evaluation and Performance Appraisal | |
| |
| |
| |
| Job Evaluation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Performance Appraisal | |
| |
| |
| |
| Compensation Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview of Compensation Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Time-Based Pay Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Direct Wage Incentive Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gain Sharing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Profit Sharing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Statistical Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
| Standard Normal Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Student t Distribution | |
| |
| |
| Index | |