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| Rationale for a School in the Middle | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Origins of Intermediate Education | |
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| The Junior High School, 1910-1965 | |
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| The Early Middle School | |
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| The Growth of Middle Schools | |
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| Early Warning Signs of Failure | |
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| A Period of Renewal and Definition | |
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| The State of Middle Schools | |
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| The Middle School Promise | |
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| Concerns for Middle School Educators | |
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| Middle Schools in the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Today's Preadolescent Learner | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Defining Preadolescence | |
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| Characteristics of Emerging Adolescents | |
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| Needs and Issues Suggested by Growth and Development Characteristics | |
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| To Be a Part of a Group with Identification and Acceptance | |
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| Emerging Adolescents in a Changing Society | |
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| Misunderstood and Neglected | |
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| The American Family-Fractured and Fragile | |
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| The American Family-A Profile | |
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| Segregation on the Rise | |
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| Improving Achievement of African American Students in the Modern Middle School | |
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| Responding to Religious and Sexual Diversity in the Middle Grades | |
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| The Influence of Television | |
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| School Violence | |
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| Health Care | |
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| Social Changes: Implications for Middle School Youth | |
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| Primary Needs of Middle School Students | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Effective Organizational Structures | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| General Organizational Standards | |
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| Student Schedules | |
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| Staffing Standards | |
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| Facilities Standards | |
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| Team Teaching | |
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| What Teaming Is | |
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| Some Advantages of Team Teaching | |
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| Some Disadvantages of Team Teaching | |
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| What Teaming Is Not | |
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| Interdisciplinary Teaming | |
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| Designing Interdisciplinary Units | |
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| The Wiles-Bondi Curriculum Mapping Model | |
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| Three Functions of Interdisciplinary Teams | |
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| Student Schedules | |
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| Flexible Modular Scheduling | |
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| Variables That Affect Scheduling | |
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| Scheduling Priorities | |
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| Graded versus Nongraded Organization | |
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| Benefits of a Smaller Class Size | |
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| The Middle School and Multiage Grouping | |
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| 4 X 4 Block Scheduling in the Middle School | |
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| Facilities | |
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| Protection and Outreach | |
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| Year-Round Schooling | |
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| Questions to Consider About Year-Round Schooling | |
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| Computer-Based Management Tools | |
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| Management and Administration | |
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| Why Use Computer-Based Management Tools? | |
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| Issues in Middle School Organization | |
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| Where Does Sixth Grade Belong? | |
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| How Can the Quality of Time Students Spend in School Be Improved? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Organizing the Middle School Curriculum | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| The Balanced Curriculum | |
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| Junior High versus the Middle School: Some Differences | |
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| A Design Prototype: Duval County Middle School | |
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| Philosophy: The Nature and Needs of Early Adolescents | |
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| The Nature of the Responsive School | |
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| The Curriculum: An Overview | |
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| Curricular Design: A Model for Setting Standards | |
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| Program Design: A Model for Setting Standards | |
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| Achievement in the Middle School-A New Priority | |
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| Creating a Standards-Based Curriculum in the Modern Middle School | |
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| Improving the Teaching of Science in the Modern Middle School | |
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| Mathematics-Raising the Bar | |
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| Incorporating Language Arts Standards in Kindergarten Through Eighth Grade | |
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| A New Look at Social Studies in the Middle School | |
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| Bilingual Education-A Continuing Debate | |
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| Technology Standards | |
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| No Child Left Behind | |
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| A Tough Road | |
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| Links to Useful Resources | |
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| The Arts in the Middle School | |
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| Issues in Middle School Curricula | |
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| How Do Middle School Students Learn Best? | |
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| How Can Young People Prepare for Today's Changing Economy? | |
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| How Can Students Be More Authentically Assessed? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Classroom Teaching | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Lessons from the Past | |
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| Teachers and Classrooms | |
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| Behaviorists | |
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| Constructivists | |
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| Developmentalists | |
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| Perceptualists | |
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| Arranging the Classroom | |
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| Thinking About Management and Discipline | |
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| Getting Ready to Teach | |
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| Planning for Teaching and Learning | |
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| Making Instructional Decisions | |
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| Which Instructional Strategies? | |
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| Planning Lessons-Working with Others | |
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| The Act of Learning | |
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| Special Students | |
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| Assessing Middle School Students | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Instructional Materials and New Technologies | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Standardized versus Individualized Learning | |
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| Developmental Appropriateness | |
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| Curriculum Mapping | |
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| How Teachers Have Responded in Middle Schools | |
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| Available Learning Resources | |
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| Content Standards | |
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| The New Technological Resources Base | |
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| The Internet | |
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| Using the Computer in the Classroom | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Full-Service Middle School | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| The Role of Families in the Full-Service School | |
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| IDEA and Inclusion | |
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| Disabilities That Qualify Children and Youth for Special Education Services Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) | |
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| Inclusion | |
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| Clarification of Terms | |
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| Mainstreaming, Inclusion, and the Law | |
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| Research | |
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| What Do the Laws Say About the Education of Children and Youth with Special Needs? | |
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| Court Decisions Clarify Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) | |
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| Reading Comprehension and Learning Disabilities | |
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| Implementing Inclusion in the Middle School Classroom | |
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| Teaching Models and Methods in Inclusion | |
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| Interventions That Work with Students with Special Needs | |
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| Promising Practices for All Middle School Children in the Full-Service School | |
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| Character Education | |
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| Social and Emotional Learning Programs | |
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| Special Programs to Benefit Gifted Students | |
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| Conflict Resolution | |
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| Creating Safe and Drug-Free Schools | |
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| Promising Practices | |
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| State Legislation | |
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| Federal Legislation | |
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| Action Steps for Schools | |
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| Dealing with Fear of Terrorist Attacks | |
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| Suggested Steps for Reaching Out to Schools | |
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| Instruction and Discipline for the Exceptional Education Student | |
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| Curbing School Violence | |
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| A Guide to Safe Schools | |
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| School Uniforms | |
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| Dealing with Racial and Ethnic Tension | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Multiculturalism | |
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| Building Multicultural Perspective into the Curriculum | |
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| The Emerging Role of Parents | |
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| Reaching Out to the Community | |
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| Raising a Child Is Difficult, as Is Educating a Child | |
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| The Family-School Connection | |
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| Schools Connecting with Parents | |
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| Communities Connecting Parents and Schools | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Professional Development of Teachers | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Parameters of Practice | |
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| Teacher Competencies for Inclusive Classrooms | |
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| Research and the Middle School Teacher | |
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| Student Home Life | |
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| Compensatory Programs | |
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| The Learning Environment | |
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| Ability Grouping | |
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| Cooperative Learning | |
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| Teacher Expectation | |
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| Discipline | |
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| Using Praise | |
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| Questioning by Teachers | |
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| Self-Concept Development | |
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| Retention | |
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| The Use of Research in Teaching | |
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| Learning Theory in the Middle School Classroom | |
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| Purpose and Instructional Strategy | |
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| Suggested Goal Statements and Middle School Standards | |
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| Middle School Licensure | |
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| National Board Standards for Working with Students Ages 7 to 12 | |
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| Accountability for Middle Grades Teachers: A Case Study | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Defining and Evaluating the Modern Middle School | |
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| Focus Questions | |
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| Goals 2000: Educate America Act, 1994 | |
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| Realizing the Promises of Standards-Based Education | |
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| More Is Not Better in Standards Documents | |
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| Aligning Assessment with Standards | |
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| Samples of Assessment Activities Around the United States | |
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| Assessment Comes in Many Forms | |
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| Developing Culturally Sensitive Assessment Programs | |
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| Standards Guide Improvement of Teaching | |
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| Professional Development for Principals | |
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| Implications of a Standards-Driven Curriculum | |
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| Creating a Caring Community in Schools | |
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| Self-Esteem-A New Look | |
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| The Role of Technology in the New American Middle School | |
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| Student Information | |
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| Internet Use | |
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| Distance Learning | |
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| Increasing Communication Between Parents and Schools Through Technology | |
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| Spoken Language Translation | |
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| Home Schooling | |
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| Privatized Public Schools | |
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| Education and Power in the Global Economy | |
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| Continuing Changes in the U.S. Public School Education System | |
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| Globalizing the Curriculum | |
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| Evaluating the Middle School | |
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| Evaluating Programs and Personnel | |
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| Evaluation as a System | |
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| Program Design | |
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| Facilities Usage | |
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| Resource Utilization | |
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| Policies and Regulations | |
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| Student Performance | |
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| Teacher Effectiveness | |
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| Team Effectiveness | |
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| Staff Development | |
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| Parent-Community Feedback | |
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| Student Evaluation | |
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| Evaluation in the Modern Era | |
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| New Standards for the Middle School | |
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| Administrative Leadership: Some Leadership Principles to Remember | |
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| Summary | |
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| Chapter Checkpoints | |
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| Portfolio Activities | |
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| Websites of Interest | |
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| Readings for Professional Growth | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Selected Resources | |
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| Middle School Design Parameters (Excerpts), Dade County | |
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| Sample Proposal for Organizing a Middle School | |
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| Planning Considerations | |
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| Middle School Instructional Checklist | |
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| Obtaining Background Information About Students | |
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| Instructional Activities and Materials | |
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| Web Resources for Middle Schools | |
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| Middle School Parent Survey (Excerpt) | |
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| Implementation Communications | |
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| In-Service Design and Workshop Models | |
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| Evaluation Instruments | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |