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| Theoretical and Historical Foundations | |
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| What Is a Licensed Mental Health or Professional Counselor? | |
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| What Is a Counselor? Enter a Land of Confusion! | |
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| What It Means to Be a Mental Health, Community, or Licensed Professional Counselor: Some Helpful Definitions | |
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| Relevant Professional Organizations | |
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| Other Specialties Within the Counseling Profession | |
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| Addictions Counseling | |
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| Career Counseling | |
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| Gerontological Counseling | |
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| Marriage and Family Counseling | |
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| Rehabilitation Counseling | |
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| School Counseling | |
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| Mental Health Counseling and the Allied Mental Health Professions | |
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| Conclusion: The Process of Consolidating Professional Identity | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| The Counseling Profession in Historical Perspective | |
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| Early Views and Treatment of Mental Health and Illness | |
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| The Emergence of Psychiatry | |
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| Roots of the Counseling-Related Professions | |
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| Movement Toward the Professionalization of Counseling | |
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| The Private Practice of Psychology | |
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| The Child Guidance Movement | |
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| Carl Rogers and Nondirective Counseling | |
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| Marriage and Family Counseling | |
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| Rapid Expansion of Assessment and Increased Sophistication of Vocational Counseling | |
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| Post-World War II and the Veterans Administration | |
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| The Influence of Professional Organizations | |
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| The Professionalization and Expansion of Mental Health Counseling | |
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| Problems in the Mental Health System | |
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| Increased Effectiveness of Psychopharmacological Interventions | |
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| Innovations in Counseling Theories and Techniques | |
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| Limited Availability and Access to Community-Based Services | |
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| The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 | |
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| Emergence of Mental Health Counseling | |
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| Licensure of Mental Health and Professional Counselors | |
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| The Consolidation of the Mental Health Counseling Profession | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Theoretical Foundations for Mental Health and Community Counselors | |
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| Theory and Personal Characteristics of the Counselor | |
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| Self-Schema | |
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| Worldview | |
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| Interpersonal Style | |
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| Process of Change: The Transtheoretical Model | |
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| The Role of Theory in Counseling | |
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| Foundational Theories for Mental Health and Community Counselors | |
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| Theories of Human Development | |
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| Ecological Perspective | |
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| Theories of Mental Health and the Prevention of Mental Illness | |
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| Approaches to Mental Health Promotion | |
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| Prevention in the Context of Promoting Mental Health | |
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| Conclusion: The Comprehensive Mental Health Counseling Model | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Traditional and Contemporary Theories of Counseling | |
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| Traditional Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy | |
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| Psychoanalysis | |
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| Individual Psychology (Adlerian Therapy) | |
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| Behavior Therapy | |
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| Cognitive Approaches | |
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| Humanistic Therapies and Existential Theory | |
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| Family Therapy | |
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| Contemporary Trends in Counseling Theories | |
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| Pluralism | |
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| Postmodernism | |
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| Spirituality in Counseling | |
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| Biologicalization of Psychopathology and Human Behavior | |
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| The Contemporary Economic Context | |
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| Technological Advances | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| The Credentialing and Practice of Mental Health and Community Counseling | |
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| Education, Licensure, and Certification | |
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| Academic Preparation of Mental Health and Community Counselors | |
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| The CACREP Model of Training for Mental Health and Community Counselors | |
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| Standards for Mental Health and Community Counseling Programs | |
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| The Credentialing of Mental Health and Community Counselors | |
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| Contemporary Issues | |
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| Licensure for All 50 States | |
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| CACREP Specializations and State Licensure | |
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| Licensure and the Lack of Professional Unity | |
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| Portability of Licenses | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Employment Settings: Where Mental Health and Community Counselors Work and What They Do | |
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| Application of Comprehensive Mental Health Counseling Model | |
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| Stages of Helping | |
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| Establishing the Relationship | |
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| Problem Identification, Assessment, and Goal Setting | |
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| Planning of Strategy and Its Implementation | |
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| The Traditional Continuum of Mental Health Care and Expanded Settings of Professional Practice | |
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| Mental Health and Community Counselors on the Job | |
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| Agency/Community Mental Health Centers | |
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| Private Practice | |
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| Substance Abuse Treatment Program | |
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| Small College Counseling Center | |
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| University Health Service | |
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| Secondary School Setting | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Appraisal and Research in the Practice of Mental Health and Community Counseling | |
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| Appraisal | |
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| The Uses of Tests | |
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| Key Concepts and Principles in Appraisal | |
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| Categories of Appraisal Techniques | |
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| Ethical Practice in Appraisal | |
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| Research and Program Evaluation | |
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| Key Concepts and Principles in Research | |
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| Specific Models of Research Design | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Ethical Practice in Research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Professional Practice in Multicultural Contexts | |
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| Diversity and Multiculturalism in America | |
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| Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force in Counseling | |
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| Key Definitions and Concepts | |
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| Barriers to Effective Multicultural Counseling | |
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| Cultural Encapsulation | |
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| Misapplication of Traditional Theories and Techniques | |
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| Systemic Barriers Within Counseling Delivery Systems | |
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| Language Barriers and Miscommunication | |
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| Mistrust | |
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| Foundational Principles in Multicultural Counseling | |
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| Activation of Schemas and Confirmatory Bias | |
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| Between- Versus Within-Group Differences | |
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| Racial/Cultural Identity Development | |
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| Acculturation | |
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| Multiple Identities | |
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| The Culturally Competent Counselor | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Ethical and Legal Issues | |
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| The Significance of Ethical Codes and the Law | |
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| The Relationship Between the Law and Codes of Ethics | |
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| Foundational Principles of Ethical Codes | |
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| Codes of Ethics | |
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| The Role of the ACA Ethics Committee and the Investigation of Alleged Violations | |
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| Specific Ethical and Legal Issues | |
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| Competence and Scope of Practice | |
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| Informed Consent: Client's Rights and Responsibilities | |
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| Confidentiality and Privileged Communication | |
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| Protection of Clients and Others From Harm | |
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| Professional Boundaries and Dual Relationships | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| Contemporary Issues and Trends | |
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| Managed Care and Third-Party Reimbursement | |
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| Managed Care in Context | |
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| Financial Risk and the Rise of Insurance Companies | |
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| |
| The Push Toward Managed Care | |
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| |
| What Is Managed Care? | |
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| Procedures for Reducing Utilization | |
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| Procedures for Controlling Price per Unit | |
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| Impact on the Practice of Mental Health Counseling | |
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| Surviving in the Era of Managed Health Counseling | |
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| |
| Discussion Questions | |
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| Suggested Activities | |
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| The Changing Face of Community Mental Health | |
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| Community Mental Health in the United States | |
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| A Model of Mental Health Delivery Systems | |
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| |
| Assessment of the Needs and Wants of Service Recipients | |
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| Mission | |
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| Goals | |
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| Programs | |
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| Working Knowledge, Skills, and Resource Supports | |
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| Environmental Supports: Technology and Facility | |
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| Program Evaluation | |
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| Funding Programs Through Grants | |
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| Contemporary Trends in Community Mental Health | |
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| The Post-Deinstitutionalization Era | |
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| Least Restrictive Treatment | |
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| Assertive Community Treatment Programs | |
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| |
| Consumer Movement and Self-Help | |
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| |
| Specific Issues in Community Mental Health | |
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| |
| Community Mental Health and the Homeless | |
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| |
| Community Mental Health and the Chronic Mentally Ill | |
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| |
| Community Mental Health and the Dual-Diagnosed Client | |
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| |
| Community Mental Health and Corrections | |
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| |
| Community Mental Health and AIDS/HIV | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| |
| Discussion Questions | |
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| |
| Suggested Activities | |
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| |
| The Future of Mental Health and Community Counseling | |
| |
| |
| Current Factors Influencing the Profession | |
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| |
| Professional Credentialing | |
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| |
| Political and Economic Climate | |
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| |
| New Models and Delivery Systems | |
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| |
| Strengths of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession | |
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| |
| The Struggles of the Contemporary Mental Health Counseling Profession | |
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| |
| The Mental Health Counseling Model: Bringing Coherence and Direction to the Profession | |
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| |
| Conclusion | |
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| |
| Discussion Questions | |
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| |
| Suggested Activities | |
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| |
| National Professional Associations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Licensure Boards | |
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| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |