| |
| |
| |
Welding Background | |
| |
| |
| |
The Importance of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Joins All Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Historical Development of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
The Welding Industry | |
| |
| |
| |
The Future of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Fundamentals of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Basics | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Processes and Grouping | |
| |
| |
| |
Methods of Applying Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Procedures | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Physics and Chemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Personnel, Training, and Certification | |
| |
| |
| |
The Work of the Welder | |
| |
| |
| |
The Job Outlook for Welders | |
| |
| |
| |
Where Welders Work | |
| |
| |
| |
Training Programs and Schools | |
| |
| |
| |
Qualifying and Certifying Welding Personel | |
| |
| |
| |
Safety and Health of Welders | |
| |
| |
| |
Personnel Protection and Safety Rules | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Shock Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Radiation Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Air Contamination Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Fire and Explosion Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Compressed Gases Hazard | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Cleaning and Other Hazards | |
| |
| |
| |
Safety for Specific Welding Processes and Occupations | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding with a Nonconsumable Electrode | |
| |
| |
| |
The Nonconsumable Welding Arc | |
| |
| |
| |
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Plasma Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Carbon Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Stud Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Nonconsumable Arc Welding Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding with a Consumable Electrode | |
| |
| |
| |
The Consumable Welding Arc | |
| |
| |
| |
Metal Transfer across the Arc | |
| |
| |
| |
Shielded Metal Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Gas Metal Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Flux-Cored Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Submerged Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Electroslag Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrogas Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Consumable Electrode Welding Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding Variables | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding Process Selection | |
| |
| |
| |
Gas Welding, Brazing, Soldering, and Solid-State Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Oxyfuel Gas Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Brazing | |
| |
| |
| |
Soldering | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermite Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Solid-State Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Miscellaneous Welding Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance, Electron Beam, and Laser Beam Welding and Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Electron Beam Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Laser Beam Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
High Energy Beam Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding-Related Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Oxygen Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc and Plasma Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Water Jet Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Automatic Shape Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermal Spraying | |
| |
| |
| |
Adhesive Bonding | |
| |
| |
| |
Joining Plastics | |
| |
| |
| |
Joining Composites and Ceramics | |
| |
| |
| |
Preheat and Postheat Treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanical Stress Relief | |
| |
| |
| |
Power Sources for Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Arc Requirements | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Rotating Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Transformer Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Rectifier Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Inverter Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Selecting and Specifying a Power Source | |
| |
| |
| |
Installing and Maintaining a Power Source | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Welding Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding Guns and Torches | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrode Feed Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Cables and Clamps | |
| |
| |
| |
Auxiliary Welding Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Monitoring | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanized, Automated, and Robotic Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Automation of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Motion Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
Work Motion Devices | |
| |
| |
| |
Standardized Automatic Arc Welding Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
Dedicated Automatic Arc Welding Equipment | |
| |
| |
| |
Flexible Automation of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Welding Robots | |
| |
| |
| |
Controls for Automatic Arc Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Sensors and Adaptive Control | |
| |
| |
| |
Tooling and Fixtures | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrodes and Filler Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Types of Welding Consumables | |
| |
| |
| |
Covered Electrodes | |
| |
| |
| |
Solid Electrode Wires | |
| |
| |
| |
Cored Electrode Wires | |
| |
| |
| |
Packaging of Electrode Wires | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Fluxes | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Welding Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Gases Used in Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Shielding Gases | |
| |
| |
| |
Fuel Gases for Welding and Cutting | |
| |
| |
| |
Atmosphere Gases | |
| |
| |
| |
Gas Containers and Apparatuses | |
| |
| |
| |
Metals and Their Weldability | |
| |
| |
| |
Properties of Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Metal Specifications and Steel Classifications | |
| |
| |
| |
Identification of Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat and Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Metallurgy | |
| |
| |
| |
Weldability of Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Alloy Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Stainless Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Ultrahigh-Strength Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Nonferrous Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
Copper and Copper-Base Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
Magnesium-Base Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
Nickel-Base Alloys | |
| |
| |
| |
Reactive and Refractory Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Nonferrous Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Special and Dissimilar Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Cast Iron and Other Irons | |
| |
| |
| |
Tool Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Reinforcing Bass | |
| |
| |
| |
Coated Steels | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Clad Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Dissimilar Metals | |
| |
| |
| |
Design for Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Advantage of Welded Construction | |
| |
| |
| |
Weldment Design Factors | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Positions and Weld Accessibility | |
| |
| |
| |
Design of Weld Joint and Welds | |
| |
| |
| |
Influence of Specifications on Design | |
| |
| |
| |
Design Conversion to Weldments | |
| |
| |
| |
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) | |
| |
| |
| |
Weldment Redesign to Reduce Cost | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Symbols | |
| |
| |
| |
Cost of Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Weldment Cost Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Metal Required for Joints | |
| |
| |
| |
Filler Metal and Materials Required | |
| |
| |
| |
Time and Labor Required | |
| |
| |
| |
Power and Overhead Costs | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Cost Formulas and Examples | |
| |
| |
| |
Quality Control and Evaluation of Welds | |
| |
| |
| |
Quality Control Program | |
| |
| |
| |
Destructive Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
Visual Inspection | |
| |
| |
| |
Nondestructive Testing | |
| |
| |
| |
Corrective Actions for Weld Defects | |
| |
| |
| |
Workmanship Specimens and Standards | |
| |
| |
| |
Nondestructive Examination Symbols | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Specifications, Procedures, and Qualifications | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Reliability | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Codes and Specifications | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Procedures and Qualifying Them | |
| |
| |
| |
Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPS) | |
| |
| |
| |
Qualifying and Certifying Welders | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Problems and Solutions | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Blow | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Distortion and Warpage | |
| |
| |
| |
Heat Forming and Straightening | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Stresses and Cracking | |
| |
| |
| |
In-Service Cracking | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding-Painting | |
| |
| |
| |
Failure Analysis, Repair Welding, and Surfacing | |
| |
| |
| |
Weld Failure Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
Developing a Rework Procedure | |
| |
| |
| |
Making the Repair Weld | |
| |
| |
| |
Rebuilding and Overlay Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Surfacing for Wear Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Surfacing for Corrosion Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Surfacing Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding Pipe and Tubing | |
| |
| |
| |
Tubular Products | |
| |
| |
| |
Pipe and Tube Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Manual and Semiautomatic Pipe Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Mechanized Pipe and Tube Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Automated Pipe Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Tube to Sheet Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Special Welding Applications | |
| |
| |
| |
Arc Spot Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Sheet Metal Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
One-Side Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Narrow Gap Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Underwater Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Welding in Space | |
| |
| |
| |
Microjoining | |
| |
| |
Appendies | |
| |
| |
| |
Glossary of Welding Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizations Involved with Welding | |
| |
| |
| |
Computer Software Programs | |
| |
| |
| |
Information Sources Using a Computer | |
| |
| |
| |
Conversion Information | |
| |
| |
| |
Weights and Measures | |
| |
| |
Index | |