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| Introduction | |
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| Multidisciplinary Perspectives | |
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| Historical Perspectives | |
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| Disciplines and Professions | |
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| Concepts, Definitions, and Classification | |
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| Mental Retardation as a Concept | |
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| Mental Retardation: A Definition in Transition | |
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| Incidence and Prevalence | |
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| Classification | |
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| Cross-Categorical Issues | |
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| Purposes and Uses of Definitions and Classifications | |
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| Multicultural Issues | |
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| Associated Influences | |
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| Issues of Assessment and Intervention | |
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| Human Development and Multicultural Issues | |
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| Assessment and Identification | |
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| Assessment Issues and Procedures | |
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| Issues and Concepts | |
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| Early Life | |
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| Preschool Years | |
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| Elementary School Years | |
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| Adolescent and Adult Years | |
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| Understanding Intelligence and Adaptive Skills | |
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| The Concept of Intelligence | |
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| Development of Intelligence | |
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| Measurement of Intelligence | |
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| Development and Causation | |
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| Basic Principles of Early Development | |
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| Human Development: Terminology, Concepts, and Theory | |
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| The Developmental Process | |
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| Prenatal Development | |
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| Early Influences and Causation | |
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| Early Causation: The Fetus and Infant at Risk | |
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| Professional Intervention | |
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| Preschool and School Years | |
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| Infancy and Early Childhood | |
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| Physical Development | |
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| Professional and Parental Intervention | |
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| Language Development | |
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| Cognitive Development | |
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| Psychosocial Development | |
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| The Elementary School-Age Child | |
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| Cognitive Development | |
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| Learning Characteristics | |
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| Adaptive Skills | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Physical and Health Characteristics | |
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| Educational Programs and Placement | |
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| Instructional Approaches | |
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| Educating the Culturally Different Child | |
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| Adolescence and the Transitional Years | |
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| Expected Outcomes of Secondary Education Programs | |
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| Employment Preparation | |
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| Teaching Adaptive Skills | |
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| Teaching Academic Skills | |
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| Transition Planning | |
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| Adulthood and Aging | |
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| The Adult Years | |
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| Community Living | |
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| Institutional Living | |
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| Competitive Employment | |
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| Sheltered Employment | |
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| Challenges of Aging | |
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| Research on Aging and Retardation | |
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| Characteristics of the Older Person with Mental Retardation | |
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| Programming and Future Research | |
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| Family and Social Issues | |
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| Family Issues | |
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| The Impact of the Child with Mental Retardation on the Family | |
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| Supporting the Family | |
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| The Needs of the Child | |
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| The Needs of Siblings | |
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| Social and Ethical Issues | |
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| Background | |
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| The Life Cycle: Issues and Ethics | |
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| Research and Professional Ethics | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |