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| Boxes | |
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| Preface | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Introduction to Anthropology | |
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| What Is Anthropology? | |
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| The Scope of Anthropology | |
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| The Holistic Approach | |
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| The Anthropological Curiosity | |
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| Fields of Anthropology | |
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| Applied Anthropology | |
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| The Relevance of Anthropology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Human Evolution: Biological and Cultural | |
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| Evolution | |
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| The Principles of Natural Selection | |
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| Heredity | |
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| Sources of Variability | |
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| The Origin of Species | |
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| Natural Selection of Behavioral Traits | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Primate Evolution: From Early Primates to Hominids | |
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| Common Primate Traits | |
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| Distinctive Human Traits | |
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| Interpreting the Fossil Record | |
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| The Emergence of Primates | |
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| The Emergence of Anthropoids | |
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| The Miocene Anthropoids: Monkeys, Apes, and Hominids | |
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| The Divergence of Hominids from the Other Hominoids | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Early Hominids and Their Cultures | |
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| Trends in Hominid Evolution | |
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| Australopithecines: The Earliest Definite Hominids | |
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| Early Species of Homo | |
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| Early Hominid Cultures | |
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| Homo erectus | |
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| Homo erectus Cultures | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| The Emergence of Homo sapiens and Their Cultures | |
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| The Transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens | |
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| Neandertals and Other Definite Homo sapiens | |
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| Middle Paleolithic Cultures | |
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| The Emergence of Modern Humans | |
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| Upper Paleolithic Cultures | |
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| The Earliest Humans and Their Cultures in the New World | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Human Variation | |
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| Processes in Human Variation | |
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| Physical Variation in Human Populations | |
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| Race and Racism | |
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| The Future of Human Variation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| The Emergence of Food Production and the Rise of States | |
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| Preagricultural Developments | |
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| The Domestication of Plants and Animals | |
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| Why Did Food Production Develop? | |
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| Consequences of the Rise of Food Production | |
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| Origins of Cities and States | |
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| Archaeological Inferences About Civilization | |
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| Cities and States in Southern Iraq | |
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| Cities and States in Mesoamerica | |
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| The City and State of Teotihuacan | |
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| The First Cities and States in Other Areas | |
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| Theories About the Origin of the State | |
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| The Decline and Collapse of States | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Cultural Variation | |
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| The Concept of Culture | |
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| Defining Features of Culture | |
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| Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures | |
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| Cultural Relativism | |
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| Describing a Culture | |
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| Some Assumptions about Culture | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Communication and Language | |
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| Communication | |
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| The Origins of Language | |
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| Structural Linguistics | |
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| Historical Linguistics | |
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| The Processes of Linguistic Divergence | |
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| Relationships Between Language and Culture | |
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| The Ethnography of Speaking | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Getting Food | |
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| Food Collection | |
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| Food Production | |
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| Environmental Restraints on Food-Getting | |
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| The Origin, Spread, and Intensification of Food Production | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Economics and Social Stratification | |
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| The Allocation of Resources | |
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| The Conversion of Resources | |
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| The Distribution of Goods and Services | |
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| Social Stratification | |
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| Slavery | |
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| The Emergence of Stratification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Sex, Gender, and Culture | |
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| Physique and Physiology | |
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| Gender Roles | |
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| Relative Contribution to Subsistence | |
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| Political Leadership and Warfare | |
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| The Relative Status of Women | |
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| Personality Differences | |
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| Sexuality | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Marriage and the Family | |
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| Marriage | |
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| Why Is Marriage Universal? | |
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| How Does One Marry? | |
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| Restrictions on Marriage: The Universal Incest Taboo | |
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| Whom Should One Marry? | |
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| How Many Does One Marry? | |
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| The Family | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Marital Residence and Kinship | |
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| Patterns of Marital Residence | |
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| Explanations of Variation in Residence | |
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| The Structure of Kinship | |
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| Bilateral Kinship | |
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| Unilineal Descent | |
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| Ambilineal Systems | |
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| Kinship Terminology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Political Life: Social Order and Disorder | |
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| Variation in Types of Political Organization | |
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| Variation in Political Process | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Religion and Magic | |
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| Variation in Religious Beliefs | |
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| Variation in Religious Practices | |
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| Religion and Adaptation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Anthropology in The Modern World | |
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| Applied Anthropology and Social Problems | |
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| Applied and Practicing Anthropology | |
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| Global Social Problems: Basic Research and Possible Solutions | |
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| Making the World Better | |
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| Summary | |
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| Glossary Terms | |
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| Critical Questions | |
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| Internet Exercises | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |
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| Index to the Notes | |