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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Africa: The Continent and its People | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Geography | |
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| Demography | |
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| Language and Culture | |
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| Notes | |
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| African Traditional Institutions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Kinship | |
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| Forms of Marriage | |
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| Nonkinship Groups | |
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| The Individual in African Societies | |
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| Family Life and Socialization | |
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| Family Life | |
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| Socialization | |
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| Traditional Religious Beliefs | |
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| Belief in God | |
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| Belief in Spirits | |
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| Belief in Ancestors | |
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| Religion as a Way of Life | |
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| Politics and Government in Traditional Africa | |
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| Segmental Systems | |
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| Hierarchical Systems | |
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| Pyramidal Systems | |
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| Notes | |
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| Political Development in Historic Africa | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Prehistoric Africa | |
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| Ancient Africa | |
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| The Kingdoms of Egypt | |
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| Other Ancient African Civilizations | |
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| Medieval Africa | |
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| Early Modern Africa | |
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| Nineteenth-Century Africa | |
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| North Africa (c. 1800-1900) | |
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| The African Sudan (c. 1800-1900) | |
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| West Africa (c. 1800-1900) | |
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| East Africa (c. 1800-1900) | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Colonialism and the African Experience | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Reasons for Europe's Interest in Africa | |
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| Imperialism in Africa: The Rationale | |
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| Race and European Colonizers: "The Civilizing Missions" | |
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| The British Mission | |
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| The French Mission | |
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| The French and the British Contrasted: Senghor and Khama | |
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| Fanon's Theory of French Racism | |
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| The Portuguese Mission | |
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| The Belgian Mission | |
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| Colonial Administrative Styles | |
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| Indirect Rule | |
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| Direct Rule | |
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| Company Rule | |
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| Indirect Company Rule | |
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| The Economics of Colonialism | |
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| Expropriation of Land | |
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| Exploitation of Labor | |
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| Hut and Poll Tax | |
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| Labor Conscription | |
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| Cash Crops and One-Crop Economies | |
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| Prohibition of Inter-African Trade and Communications | |
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| Immigrant Labor | |
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| Lack of Industrialization | |
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| Colonial Rule: Did the Africans Benefit? | |
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| Notes | |
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| African Nationalism and the Struggle for Freedom | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modern African Nationalism | |
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| Colonial Oppression | |
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| Missionary Churches | |
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| World Wars I and II | |
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| Pan-Africanism | |
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| The League of Nations and the United Nations | |
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| Independence Movements | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| African Independence: The First Thirty Years | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Decolonization and the Transfer of Power | |
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| Centralization of Power | |
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| Regionalism and Separatism: Nigeria | |
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| Regionalism and Separatism: East Africa | |
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| Decolonization in French Colonies | |
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| Problems at Independence | |
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| Popular Expectations | |
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| Lack of Economic Development | |
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| Arbitrary Borders | |
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| Political Instability | |
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| Policy Choices after Independence | |
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| One-Party Systems | |
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| African Socialism | |
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| Tanzania | |
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| Ghana | |
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| Guinea | |
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| Senegal | |
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| African Capitalism | |
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| What Went Wrong in Independent Africa? | |
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| One-Party Systems | |
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| Personality Cults | |
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| Coups d'�tat and Civil Wars | |
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| Refugees | |
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| Centralized Economies | |
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| International Debt | |
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| Corruption | |
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| HIV/AIDS | |
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| The Gains of Independence | |
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| Notes | |
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| The African Struggle for Democracy and Free Markets | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Struggle for Democracy | |
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| Economic Reforms | |
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| NEPAD | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Africa in World Affairs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Cold War | |
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| The Non-Aligned Movement | |
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| The Organization of African Unity (OAU) | |
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| The African Union (AU) | |
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| Objectives of the African Union | |
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| Organs of the African Union | |
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| Financial Institutions of the AU | |
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| The United States and Africa | |
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| The Soviet Union and Africa | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |