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Transportation Engineering and Planning

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ISBN-10: 0130814199

ISBN-13: 9780130814197

Edition: 3rd 2001 (Revised)

Authors: C. S. Papacostas, P. D. Prevedouros

List price: $239.99
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Description:

For a course in transportation engineering in the Civil Engineering Department. This detailed, interdisciplinary introduction to transportation engineering serves as a comprehensive text as well as a frequently cited reference. It begins with the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering mechanics, and gradually introduces new concepts concerning societal context, geometric design, human factors, traffic engineering, and simulation, transportation planning, evaluation.
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Book details

List price: $239.99
Edition: 3rd
Copyright year: 2001
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR
Publication date: 5/26/2000
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 704
Size: 7.25" wide x 9.25" long x 1.25" tall
Weight: 2.530
Language: English

Preface
Introduction and Background
The Transportation System
Definition and Scope
Fixed Facilities
Flow Entities and Technology
Control System
Transportation Demand
Quantification versus Valuation
Transportation System Classification
Classification Schemes
Private and Public Transportation
The Role of Government
Governmental Participation
Instruments of Governmental Involvement
Arguments for and against Governmental Intervention
Tools and Applications
Background
Mathematical Models
Components of Mathematical Models
Transportation Models
Summary
References
Design and Operation
Roadway Design
Introduction
Equations of Motion
Rectilinear Motion
Braking Distance
Curvilinear Motion
Relative Motion
Human Factors
Perception-Reaction
Dilemma Zones
Visual Acuity
Lateral Displacement
Geometric Design of Highways
Background
Functional Classification of Highways
Cross-Section Design
Horizontal Alignment
Determination of Design Radius
Superelevation Design
Vertical Alignment
Stopping and Passing Sight Distance
Geometrics of Sight Distance
Discussion of Alignment Design
Delineation of Vehicular Paths
Design Vehicles
Channelization of At-Grade Intersections
Modern Roundabouts
Traffic-Calming Devices
Pavement Structures
Background
Pavement Materials and Types
Pavement Structure
Pavement Design
Design Methods
Life-Cycle Economic Analysis
Pavement Management Systems
High Performance Concrete, Superpave, and LTPP
Summary
Exercises
References
Traffic Stream Flow Models
Introduction
Vehicular Stream Models
Vehicular Following
Safety Considerations
Stream Variables
Spacing and Concentration
Headway and Flow
Average or Mean Speed
Time-Distance Diagrams of Flow
Vehicular Stream Equations and Diagrams
The Fundamental Equation of a Vehicular Stream
The Case of Uniform Flow
The Case of Highway Traffic Flow
Stream Measurements: The Moving-Observer Method
Background
The Moving-Observer Method
Shock Waves in Traffic
Background
The Shock Wave Equation
Summary
Exercises
References
Capacity and Level of Service Analysis
Introduction
Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities
Background
Pedestrian-Flow Models
Pedestrian Level of Service
Bicycle Level of Service
Transit Systems: Uninterrupted Flow
Background
Uninterrupted Speed-Flow Relationships
Fleet Size
Transit Network Fleet Size
Transit Systems: Interrupted Flow
Background
Transit Stations
Single-Platform Capacity
Other Designs
Highways: Uninterrupted Flow
Background
Level of Service
Freeway-Base Conditions
Freeway Capacity and Level of Service
Freeway Congestion Quantification
Capacity Restrictions
Highways: Interrupted Flow
Background
Types of Signals
Signal Detectors and Controllers
Signal Timings
Time-Distance Diagram of Interrupted Flow
Pretimed Signal Coordination
Actuated Signal Coordination
Capacity of Signalized Intersections
Background
Capacity and Performance Analysis
Planning Analysis
Case Studies
Simple Signalized Intersection
Complex Signalized Intersection
Planning a Signalized Intersection
Arterial Street LOS and Congestion Quantification
Traffic Data Collection Methods
Capacity Analysis of Unsignalized Intersections
Background
Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections
All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections
Roundabouts
Signalization Warrants
Summary
Exercises
References
Transportation Systems
Transportation Modes
Introduction
Modes
Motor Carriers
Railroads
Pipelines
Water Transportation
Air Carriers
Express Package Carriers
Intercity Passenger Travel
Major Modes
Choice of Mode
Emerging Intercity Modes
Summary and Comparisons among Modes and Countries
Exercises
References
Urban and Intelligent Transportation Systems
Introduction
Development of Cities and Transportation Modes
Urban Transportation Modes
Roadway Modes
Fixed Guideway Modes
Demand-Responsive, Dual Mode, and Other Modes
Urban Transportation Issues
General
Traffic Congestion
Supply Strategies
Demand Strategies
Intelligent Transportation Systems
User Services
Architecture Components and Standards
ITS in Europe and Japan
Mature ITS Applications
Detectors
Traffic Signal Systems
Freeway Management
Electronic Road Pricing and Automatic Vehicle Classification
Safety and Liability
Summary
Exercises
References
Transportation Planning
Introduction
Historical Development in the United States
Colonial Era
Turnpikes and Canals
Railroads
Rural Highways
Urban and Regional Transportation Planning
Development of a Formal Planning Process
Housing Policies
The 3C Process
Social Concerns
National Environmental Legislation
Toward Planning Coordination
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
Transportation Equity Act for the Twenty-First Century
Planning Studies and Methods
Background
Antecedents to Planning Studies
Planning for Future Needs
Large-Scale Urban Travel Surveys
Travel-Demand Forecasts
Other Planning Issues
Background
Transportation and Land Use
Operational Land-Use Models
Project, System, and Operational Planning
Planning at the Statewide Level
Summary
Exercises
References
Travel-Demand Forecasting
Introduction
Trip Generation
Background
Trip Purpose
Zone-based versus Household-Based Models
Productions and Attractions
Regression Models
Trip-Rate Analysis
Cross-Classification Models
The FHWA-Simplified Trip-Production Procedure
Summary
Trip Distribution
Background
The Gravity Model
Calibration of the Gravity Model
Limitations of the Gravity Model
The Fratar Model
Limitations of the Fratar Model
Summary
Mode Choice
Background
Utility and Disutility Functions
The Multinomial Logit (MNL) Model
The Incremental (or Pivot-Point) Logit Model
Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) Property
The Nested Logit Model
Estimation of Logit Models
Summary
Trip Assignment
Background
Person-Trips and Vehicle-Trips
Diurnal (Time-of-Day) Patterns of Demand
Trip Direction
Historical Context
Highway Network Description
Link Flows and Interzonal Flows
Route Choice Behavior
Minimum Path Algorithms
A Minimum Tree-Seeking Procedure
Free/All-or-Nothing Traffic Assignment
Free/Multipath Traffic Assignment
Capacity-Restrained Traffic Assignment
Transit Assignment
Summary
Transport Behavior of Individuals and Households
Background
Conceptual Models
Demand Models with Behavioral Content
Trip-, Journey-, and Tour-Based Models
Other Demand-Forecasting Models
Background
Demand-Model Consistency
Simultaneous or Direct Demand Formulations
Combined Modeling Strategies
Models of Demand Elasticity
Summary
Exercises
References
Transportation Impacts
Traffic Impact and Parking Studies
Introduction
Traffic Impact Studies
Background
Basic Characteristics
Overview of Steps
Major Components of Traffic Impact Studies
Site and Network Improvement Alternatives
Comprehensive Example
Parking Studies
Background
Types of Parking
Types of Parking Studies
Parking Measurements and Analysis
Design, Operation, and Other Considerations
Summary
Exercises
References
Air Quality, Noise, and Energy Impacts
Introduction
Air Pollution
Background
Problem Dimensions
Emission Levels
Air Pollution Dispersion
The Box Model
Noise Generation
Background
Noise Measurement
Noise Propagation and Mitigation Strategies
Noise Measures
Mathematical Models of Transportation Noise
Energy Consumption
Background
National Response to the Energy Embargo
Transportation-User Reactions
Energy-Related Transportation Actions
Vehicle-Propulsion Energy
Indirect Energy Consumption
Summary
Exercises
References
Evaluation and Choice
Introduction
Feasibility and Impact Enumeration
Measures of Feasibility
Impact Trade-Offs
Generalized Impact Matrices
Engineering Economic Analysis
Background
Project Evaluation
Independent and Mutually Exclusive Alternatives
Evaluation of Mutually Exclusive Alternatives
Identification and Valuation of Benefits and Costs
Limitations of Economic Evaluation
Effectiveness Analysis
Background
Cost-Effectiveness
Rank-Ordering Techniques
Scoring Techniques
Group Consensus
Summary
Exercises
References
Supporting Elements
Elements of Engineering Economy
Money and Its Time Value
Interest and Discount
Simple and Compound Interest
Nominal and Effective Interest Rates
Discrete and Continuous Compounding
Cash Flows
Equal Series of Payments
Superposition of Cash Flows
Exercises
Probability and Statistics
Introduction
Elements of Probability Theory
Background
Definition of Probability
Conditional Probability and Independence
Discrete Distributions
Some Common Discrete Distributions
Continuous Random Variables
Some Common Continuous Distributions
Experimental Data and Model Parameters
Linear and Nonlinear Regression
Simple Linear Regression
Correlation
Multiple Linear Regression
Direct Nonlinear Regression
Linear Regression with Transformed Variables
Selection of Explanatory Variables
Hypothesis Testing and Model Evaluation
Single-Parameter Test
Test of a Linear Model
Test of Equality of Segmented Linear Models
Comprehensive Judgment of a Linear Model
Summary
Exercises
References
Queuing and Simulation
Introduction
Queuing Models
Background
Single-Server FIFO Systems
Multiserver FIFO Systems
Computer Simulation
Background
Monte Carlo Simulation
Simulation of the Outcomes of a Continuous Random Variable
Generation of Random Numbers
The Simulation Model
Summary
Exercises
References
Transportation Software
Introduction
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
GIS Fundamentals
GIS Products
GIS and GPS
Traffic Simulation Software
Traffic Simulation Model Characteristics
Classification
Traffic Simulation Models
Urban Street Networks
Freeways and Freeway Corridors
Mixed Network
Model Selection, Output Variability, and Other Limitations
Capacity Software: HCS, SIDRA, and Others
Planning Software: EMME/2, QRS II, TRANPLAN, MINUTP, TP+, TRANSCAD, TRANSIMS
References
1982 Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Documents
Index
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