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Introduction | |
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Mechanisms of Reactions. Electron Delocalization and Resonance | |
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Electrocyclic Reactions | |
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Introduction | |
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Conrotatory and Disrotatory Processes | |
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Explanations for the Woodward-Hoffman Rules | |
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Electrocyclic Reactions with Odd Numbers of Atoms | |
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Photochemical Cyclizations | |
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Cycloaddiction and Cycloreversion Reactions | |
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Introduction | |
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Suprafacial and Antarafacial Addition | |
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Selection Rules for Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion Reactions | |
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Examples of Thermal Cycloaddition Reactions | |
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Photochemical Cycloadditions | |
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Sigmatropic Reactions | |
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Theory of Sigmatropic Shifts | |
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Experimental Observations | |
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Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Charged Systems | |
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Linear Free-Energy Relationships | |
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The Hammett Equation | |
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Separation of Polar, Resonance, and Steric Effects | |
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Migrations to Electron-Deficient Centers | |
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Migrations to Electron-Deficient Carbons | |
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The Nature of the Migrating Groups | |
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Rearrangements of Carbocations. Long-Distance Migrations | |
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Migrations to Nitrogen and Oxygen | |
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Neighboring-Group Effects and Nonclassical Cations | |
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Substitution with Retention of Configuration | |
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Cyclic Halonium Ions | |
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Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustards | |
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Trans/Cis Rate Ratios. Neighboring Acetoxy Groups | |
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Cyclic Phenonium Ions. Double Bonds as Neighboring Groups | |
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Cyclopropane Rings as Neighboring Groups | |
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Neighboring Alkyl Groups: 2-Norbornyl Cations | |
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Rearrangements of Carbanions and Free Radicals | |
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Carbanion Rearrangements | |
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Rearrangements of Free Radicals | |
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Carbenes, Carbenoids, and Nitrenes | |
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Introduction | |
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Formation of Carbenes and Nitrenes | |
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Singlet and Triplet Carbenes. Additions to Double Bonds | |
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Insertion Reactions. Rearrangements | |
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Six-Membered Heterocyclic Rings | |
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Aromatic Heterocyclic Molecules | |
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Reactions of Pyridine and Its Analogs | |
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Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocyclic Rings | |
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Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings | |
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Introduction | |
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Electron Delocalization and Aromaticity | |
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Reactions of Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings | |
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Synthesis of Five-Membered Heteroaromatic Rings | |
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Index | |