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Preface | |
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Basic Imaging Principles Overview | |
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Introduction | |
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History of Medical Imaging | |
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Physical Signals | |
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Imaging Modalities | |
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Projection Radiography | |
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Computed Tomography | |
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Nuclear Medicine | |
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Ultrasound Imaging | |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Signals and Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Signals | |
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Point Impulse | |
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Line Impulse | |
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Comb and Sampling Functions | |
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Rect and Sinc Functions | |
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Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals | |
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Separable Signals | |
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Periodic Signals | |
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Systems | |
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Linear Systems | |
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Impulse Response | |
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Shift Invariance | |
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Connections of LSI Systems | |
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Separable Systems | |
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Stable Systems | |
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The Fourier Transform | |
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Properties of the Fourier Transform | |
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Linearity | |
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Translation | |
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Conjugation and Conjugate Symmetry | |
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Scaling | |
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Rotation | |
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Convolution | |
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Product | |
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Separable Product | |
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Parsevalrsquo;s Theorem | |
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Separability | |
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Transfer Function | |
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Circular Symmetry and the Hankel Transform | |
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Sampling | |
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Sampling Signal Model | |
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Nyquist Sampling Theorem | |
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Anti-aliasing Filters | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Image Quality | |
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Introduction | |
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Contrast | |
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Modulation | |
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Modulation Transfer Function | |
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Local Contrast | |
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Resolution | |
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Line Spread Function | |
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Full Width at Half Maximum | |
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Resolution and Modulation Transfer Function | |
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Subsystem Cascade | |
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Resolution Tool | |
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Temporal and Spectral Resolution | |
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Noise | |
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Random Variables | |
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Continuous Random Variables | |
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Discrete Random Variables | |
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Independent Random Variables | |
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio | |
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Amplitude SNR | |
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Power SNR | |
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Differential SNR | |
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Nonrandom Effects | |
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Artifacts | |
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Distortion | |
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Accuracy | |
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Quantitative Accuracy | |
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Diagnostic Accuracy | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Radiographic Imaging | |
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Overview | |
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Physics of Radiography | |
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Introduction | |
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Ionization | |
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Atomic Structure | |
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Electron Binding Energy | |
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Ionization and Excitation | |
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Forms of Ionizing Radiation | |
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Particulate Radiation | |
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Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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Nature and Properties of Ionizing Radiation | |
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Primary Energetic Electron Interactions | |
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Primary Electromagnetic Radiation Interactions | |
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Attenuation of Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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Measures of X-ray Beam Strength | |
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Narrow Beam, Monoenergetic Photons | |
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Narrow Beam, Polyenergetic Photons | |
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Broad Beam Case | |
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Radiation Dosimetry | |
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Exposure | |
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Dose and Kerma | |
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Linear Energy Transfer | |
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The f -factor | |
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Dose Equivalent | |
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Effective Dose | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Projection Radiography | |
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Introduction | |
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Instrumentation | |
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X-ray Tubes | |
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Filtration and Restriction | |
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Compensation Filters and Contrast Agents | |
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Grids, Airgaps, and Scanning Slits | |
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Film-Screen Detectors | |
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X-ray Image Intensifiers | |
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Image Formation | |
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Basic Imaging Equation | |
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Geometric Effects | |
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Blurring Effects | |
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Film Characteristics | |
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Noise and Scattering | |
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio | |
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Quantum Efficiency and Detective Quantum Efficiency | |
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Compton Scattering | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Computed Tomography | |
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Introduction | |
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CT Instrumentation | |
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CT Generations | |
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X-ray Source and Collimation | |
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CT Detectors | |
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Gantry, Slip Ring, and Patient Table | |
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Image Formation | |
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Line Integrals | |
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CT Numbers | |
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Parallel-Ray Reconstruction | |
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Fan-Beam Reconstruction | |
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Helical CT Reconstruction | |
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Cone Beam CT | |
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Image Quality in CT | |
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Resolution | |
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Noise | |
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Artifacts | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Nuclear Medicine Imaging | |
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Overview | |
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The Physics of Nuclear Medicine | |
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Introduction | |
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Nomenclature | |
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Radioactive Decay | |
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Mass Defect and Binding Energy | |
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Line of Stability | |
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Radioactivity | |
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Radioactive Decay Law | |
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Modes of Decay | |
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Positron Decay and Electron Capture | |
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Isomeric Transition | |
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Statistics of Decay | |
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Radiotracers | |
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Summary and Key Concepts | |
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Planar Scintigraphy | |
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Introduction | |
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Instrumentation | |
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Collimators | |
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Scintillation Crystal | |
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Photomultiplier Tubes | |
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Positioning Logic | |
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Pulse Height Analyzer | |
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Gating Circuit | |
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Image Capture | |
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Image Formation | |
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Event Position Estimation | |
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Acquisition Modes | |
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Anger Camera Imaging Equatio | |