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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Contributors | |
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Reviewers | |
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Leadership | |
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The New Health Care System; Challenge to Nursing Leadership | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Managed Care | |
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Health Care Reform | |
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Managed Care Characteristics | |
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Managed Care Organizations | |
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Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) | |
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Characteristics of the Health Care System | |
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Professional Issues: The Nursing Shortage | |
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Health Care Priorities | |
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Forecast for Health Care | |
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Nursing Leadership's Heritage | |
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Challenge to Nursing | |
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Leadership Framework | |
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Differentiating Leadership and Management | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Leadership Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Definition of Leadership | |
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Leadership Theory | |
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Great Man Theory of Leadership | |
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Trait Theory | |
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Behavioral School of Leadership | |
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Leadership Style | |
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Leadership Behaviors | |
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Situational Theory | |
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Contingency Model | |
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Situational Leadership Model | |
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A New Concept of Leadership | |
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Transformational Leadership | |
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Connective Leadership | |
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Seven Lessons of Leadership | |
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Process Model of Leadership | |
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Analysis and Problem Identification | |
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The Event | |
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The Participants | |
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Organizational Factors | |
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Interpersonal Processes between Participants | |
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Controlling Forces | |
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Determination of Action | |
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Action Plan | |
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Evaluation of Action | |
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Conclusions on Use of Process | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Appendices | |
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Interactive Processes of Leadership; Communication and Group Process | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Communication | |
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The Message | |
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Communication Process | |
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Ten Basics for Good Communication | |
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Blocks to Communication | |
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Culture and Gender | |
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Communication with the Health Team | |
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Preventing Communication Breakdown | |
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Communication with Difficult People | |
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Communication Networks | |
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Team Building | |
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Group Dynamics | |
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Interdisciplinary Teams | |
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Characteristics of a Group | |
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Group Processes | |
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Leaders Impact on a Group | |
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Insight | |
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The Group Approach | |
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Understanding | |
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Diagnose a Sick Group | |
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Flexibility | |
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Meetings: A Team Tool | |
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Evaluation of Group Effectiveness | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Appendix | |
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Decision Making and Conflict Management | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Decision Making | |
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Analysis | |
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Prediction of Outcomes | |
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Challenge to Nursing | |
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Impact of Decisions | |
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Systems of Decision Making | |
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The Decision Making Process | |
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Identify Participants | |
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Gather Pertinent Facts | |
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Generate Alternatives | |
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Predict Outcomes | |
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Select Best Alternative | |
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Plan for Managing Consequences | |
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Management of Conflict | |
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Nature of Conflict | |
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Basis of Conflict | |
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Examples of Common Conflicts in Nursing | |
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Approaches to Managing Conflict | |
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Process Model of Conflict Management | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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The Ethical Responsibility of the Nurse Leader | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Ethics | |
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Ethical Theories | |
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Ethical Principles | |
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Barriers to Ethical Decision Making | |
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Strategies for Enhancing Ethical Decisions in Nursing Practice | |
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The Role of Institutional Ethics Committees | |
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The Employer-Employee Relationship | |
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Peer Relationships | |
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The Nurse--Patient Relationship | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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An Overview of Organizations and Management | |
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Organization and Management Theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Overview: Organizational Dynamics | |
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Classical Theory | |
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Scientific Management | |
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Administrative Management | |
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Organizational Principles | |
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The Bureaucratic Model | |
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Contribution of Classical Theory | |
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Modern Theory | |
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Behavioral Science | |
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General Systems/Social Systems Theory | |
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Modern Systems Theory Models | |
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The Modern Team Concept | |
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Interactional Phenomena | |
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Power | |
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Authority | |
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Responsibility | |
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Status | |
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Process of Delegation | |
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Organizational Concepts | |
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Organizational Chart | |
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Organization Structure | |
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Contingency Structure | |
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Integrated Health Care System | |
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Organizational Model | |
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Organization and Management Link | |
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Properties of an Organization | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Overview of Nursing Management | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Management Process | |
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Levels of Management | |
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Management Science | |
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Management in Nursing | |
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Evolution of Nursing's Management Role | |
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Objectives of Nursing Management | |
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Management Functions | |
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Planning | |
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Types of Planning | |
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Organizing | |
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Staffing | |
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Directing | |
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Coordinating | |
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Controlling | |
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Standards | |
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Policies | |
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Systems of Nursing Care Delivery | |
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Case Method | |
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Functional Method | |
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Team Nursing | |
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Restructuring Nursing Care Delivery Models | |
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Job Design | |
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Primary Nursing | |
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Total Patient Care | |
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Differentiated Practice | |
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Partners in Practice | |
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System Redesign | |
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Case Management | |
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Total Quality Management | |
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Transition to Manager | |
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Management Assessment Guide | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Delegation; The Manager's Tool | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Delegation | |
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Assignment of Work | |
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Scope of Practice | |
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Liability | |
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Scalar Chain | |
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Decentralization | |
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The Purpose of Delegation | |
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Cost Savings | |
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Time Savings | |
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Professional Growth for Employees | |
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Professional Growth of the Manager | |
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The Process of Delegation | |
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Guidelines for Effective Delegation | |
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Barriers to Delegation | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Special Responsibilities of the Manager | |
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Maintaining Standards | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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The Climate for Nursing Practice | |
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Professional Basis for Quality Assurance | |
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Practice Framework | |
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Legal Basis of Nursing | |
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Ethical and Societal Concerns | |
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Governmental Regulations | |
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Risk Management | |
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Model of Risk Management | |
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Financial Management | |
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Risk Identification | |
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Risk Analysis | |
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Risk Treatment | |
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Risk Evaluation | |
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Impact on Nursing Development | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Motivation in the Work Setting | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Definitions and Sources of Motivation | |
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Theories of Motivation | |
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Needs Theorists | |
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Personality Type and Motivation | |
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Motivation as Rational Decision Making | |
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Organizational Climate and Motivation | |
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Micromotivation and Macromotivation | |
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Motivational Problems | |
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A Situational Approach | |
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Issues Central to Nursing | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Monitoring and Improving Performance | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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The Performance Appraisal System | |
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Design of a Performance Appraisal System | |
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Career Planning | |
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Criteria for Nursing Standards | |
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Active Participation in Performance Appraisal | |
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Essential Elements | |
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Philosophy, Mission, and Objectives | |
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Well-Defined Purpose | |
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Evaluation Tools that Produce Desired Information | |
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Performance Appraisal Process | |
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Planning for the Interview | |
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Participating in the Evaluation Interview | |
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Using Evaluation Results | |
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Rewards | |
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Obstacles to Performance Improvement | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Legal Issues in the Work Place | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws | |
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Amended in 1972) | |
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Civil Rights Act of 1991 | |
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Civil Rights Act, Amended 1993 | |
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Age Discrimination in Employment Act | |
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Pregnancy Discrimination Act | |
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Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) | |
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Immigration Reform and Control Act | |
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Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) | |
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Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) | |
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Sexual Harassment: A Special Case of Discrimination | |
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Hiring and Interviewing | |
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Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 | |
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Labor-Management Laws | |
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Unions and Collective Bargaining | |
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Strikes | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Managing Change | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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A Theoretical Perspective | |
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Expanded Conceptual Framework | |
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Change and Stress | |
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Expanded Rate and Scope of Change | |
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Change Strategies | |
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Planned Change Theory | |
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Basis of Change in Nursing | |
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External Forces | |
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Internal Forces | |
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The Change Process | |
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Problem Identification | |
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Gaining Support for Change | |
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How Changes Are Made | |
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Planned Change | |
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Radical Intervention | |
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Change through Nonintervention | |
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An Example of Differing Adaptations to Change | |
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Stages of Change | |
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Unfreezing | |
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Moving | |
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Refreezing | |
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Change Agents | |
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Characteristics of Change Agents | |
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Responsibilities of Change Agents | |
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Strategies for Change Agents | |
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Response to Change | |
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Resistance to Change | |
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Evaluating Change | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Managing Resources | |
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Managing Resources; The Staff | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Staffing | |
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Process and Staffing Plan | |
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Workload Measures: Productivity Index | |
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Staffing Methodologies | |
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Scheduling Patterns | |
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Work Schedules | |
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Shared Staffing Help List | |
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Management's Role: Planning the Staffing Program | |
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Economic and Regulatory Issues | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Managing Resources; Time | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Time Management | |
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Principles of Time Management | |
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Communication | |
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Planning | |
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Delegation | |
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Prioritizing Goals | |
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Time Management Strategies | |
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Time Analysis | |
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Daily Planning | |
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Crisis Control | |
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Problem Analysis | |
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Task Analysis | |
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Time Control | |
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Time Evaluation | |
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Barriers to Effective Time Management | |
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Habit | |
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Work Expansion | |
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Oversupervision | |
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Underdelegation | |
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Losing Sight of Objectives | |
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Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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References | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Managing Resources; The Budget | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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Managing Financial Resources | |
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Financial Structure | |
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The Budgeting Proces | |
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A Policy Statement | |
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Goals and Financial Projections | |
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Related Budgeting Concepts | |
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Accounting | |
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Income Statements | |
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The Balance Sheet | |
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Cash-Flow Statements | |
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Cost Accounting | |
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Double-Entry Accounting | |
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Long-Range Financial Plans | |
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Types of Budgets | |
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Preparation of the Budget | |
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Review Past Performance | |
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Review the Organization's Goals and Projections | |
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Review the Variance | |
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Actual Preparation of the Budget | |
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Specific Responsibilities of the Nurse Manager | |
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Monitoring the Budget | |
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| |
Case Studies | |
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Summary | |
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Learner Exercises | |
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Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Informatics in Nursing | |
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Introduction | |
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Key Concepts | |
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| |
Definition of Informatics | |
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| |
Computers | |
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Components of Computers: Hardware and Software | |
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Hardware | |
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Software | |
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Nursing Informatics | |
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Significance of Nursing Informatics | |
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Nursing Informatics: Special Applications | |
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The Health Care Record | |
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Computerized Patient Record | |
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A Computerized Patient Record for Data Management | |
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Informatics Systems | |
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Challenge of Nursing Informatics | |
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Ethical Considerations | |
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Security | |
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Confidentiality | |
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Privacy | |
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| |
The Internet: A Resource for Nursing | |
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| |
Future Directions | |
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| |
Case Studies | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Learner Exercises | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |