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| Introduction: Reading, Responding to, and Writing about Literature | |
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| What Is Literature, and Why do We Study It? Types of Literatures: The Genres | |
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| Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively | |
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| The Necklace | |
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| Reading and Responding in a Notebook or Computer File | |
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| Guidelines for Reading | |
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| Writing Essays on Literary Topics | |
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| The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought | |
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| Three Major Stages in Thinking and Writing: Discovering Ideas, Making Initial Drafts, and Completing the Essay | |
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| Discovering Ideas ("Brainstorming") | |
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| The Need to Present an Argument when Writing Essays about Literature | |
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| Assembling Materials and Beginning to Write | |
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| Drafting the Essay | |
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| Writing by Hand, Typewriter, or Word-Processor | |
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| Writing a First Draft | |
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| Using Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works | |
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| Developing an Outline | |
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| Using References and Quotations | |
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| Demonstrative Student Essay (First Draft): How Setting in "The Necklace" Is Related to the Character of Mathilde | |
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| Developing and Strengthening Essays through Revision | |
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| Checking Development and Organization | |
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| Using Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language | |
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| Using the Names of Authors | |
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| Demonstrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): How Maupassant Uses Setting in "The Necklace" to Show the Character of Mathilde | |
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| Easy Commentaries | |
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| Specials Topics for Writing and Argument about the Writing Process | |
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| Reading and Writing about Fiction | |
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| Fiction an Overview | |
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| Modern Fiction | |
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| The Short Story | |
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| Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and DonnFe | |
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| Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme | |
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| Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools | |
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| Stories for Study:Raymond Carver, Neighbors | |
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| Night Talkers | |
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| A Rose for Emily | |
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| The Things They Carried | |
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| Everyday Use | |
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| Plot: The Motivation and Causation of Fiction | |
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| Writing about the Plot of a Story | |
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| Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in Faulkner's"A Rose for Emily" | |
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| Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot in Fiction | |
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| Structure: The Organization of Stories | |
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| The Structure of Fiction | |
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| Formal Categories of Structure | |
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| Formal and Actual Structure | |
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| Stories for Study:Laurie Colwin, An Old-Fashioned Story | |
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| Battle Royal | |
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| Katherine Mansfield | |
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| A Worn Path | |
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| Blue Winds Dancing | |
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| Writing about Structure in a Story | |
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| Illustrative Student Essay: The Structure of Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path." | |
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| Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot and Structure | |
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| Characters: The People in Fiction | |
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| Character Traits | |
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| How Authors Disclose Character in Literature | |
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| Types of Characters: Round and Flat | |
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| Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude | |
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| Stories for Study:Willa Cather, Paul's Case | |
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| Barn Burning | |
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| A Jury of Her Peers | |
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| Shopping | |
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| Two Kinds | |
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| Writing about Character | |
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| Illustrative Student Essay: The Character of the Mother in Amy Tan's "Two Kinds" | |
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| Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Character | |
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| Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Narrator or Speaker | |
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| An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident | |
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| Conditions That Affect Point of View and Opinions | |
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| Determining a Work's Point of View | |
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| Mingling Points of View | |
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| Point of View and Verb Tense | |
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| Summary: Guidelines for Point of View | |
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| Stories for Study:Alice Adams The Last Lovely City | |
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| An Occurrence at OwlCreekBridge | |
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| The Song | |
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