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Preface | |
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Vertebrate Diversity, Function, and Evolution | |
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The Diversity, Classification, and Evolution of Vertebrates | |
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The Vertebrate Story | |
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Classification of Vertebrates | |
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Traditional and Cladistic Classifications | |
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Earth History and Vertebrate Evolution | |
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Vertebrate Relationships and Basic Structure | |
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Vertebrates in Relation to Other Animals | |
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Definition of a Vertebrate | |
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Basic Vertebrate Structure | |
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Early Vertebrates: Jawless Vertebrates and the Origin of Jawed Vertebrates | |
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Reconstructing the Biology of the Earliest Vertebrates | |
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Extant Jawless Fishes | |
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The Radiation of Paleozoic Jawless Vertebrates--"Ostracoderms" | |
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The Transition from Jawless to Jawed Vertebrates | |
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Extinct Paleozoic Jawed Fishes | |
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Aquatic Vertebrates: Cartilaginous and Bony Fishes | |
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Living in Water | |
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The Aquatic Environment | |
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Water and the Sensory World of Fishes | |
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The Internal Environment of Vertebrates | |
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Exchange of Water and Ions | |
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Responses to Temperature | |
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Radiation of the Chondrichthyes | |
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Chondrichthyes--The Cartilaginous Fishes | |
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Evolutionary Specializations of Chondrichthyes | |
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The Paleozoic Chondrichthyan Radiation | |
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The Early Mesozoic Elasmobranch Radiation | |
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The Extant Radiation--Sharks, Skates, and Rays | |
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Holocephali--The Bizarre Chondrichthyans | |
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Dominating Life in Water: The Major Radiation of Fishes | |
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The Appearance of Bony Fishes | |
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Extant Sarcopterygii--Lobe-Finned Fishes | |
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Extant Actinopterygii--Ray-Finned Fishes | |
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Actinopterygian Reproduction and Conservation | |
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The Adaptable Fish--Teleost Communities in Contrasting Environments | |
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Geography and Ecology of the Paleozoic | |
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Earth History, Changing Environments, and Vertebrate Evolution | |
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Continental Geography of the Paleozoic | |
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Paleozoic Climates | |
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Paleozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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Early Paleozoic Extinctions | |
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Terrestrial Ectotherms: Amphibians, Turtles, Lepidosaurs, and Archosaurs | |
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Origin and Radiation of Tetrapods and Modifications for Life on Land | |
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Modifications for Life on Land | |
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Tetrapod Origins | |
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Radiation and Diversity of Nonamniote Paleozoic Tetrapods | |
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Amniotes | |
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Salamanders, Anurans, and Caecilians | |
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Amphibians | |
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Diversity of Life Histories of Amphibians | |
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Amphibian Metamorphosis | |
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Exchange of Water and Gases | |
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Poison Glands and Other Defense Mechanisms | |
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Mimicry | |
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Why are Amphibians Vanishing? | |
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Turtles | |
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Everyone Recognizes a Turtle | |
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But What Is a Turtle? Phylogenetic Relationships of Turtles | |
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Turtle Structure and Functions | |
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Ecology and Behavior of Turtles | |
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Conservation of Turtles | |
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The Lepidosaurs: Tuatara, Lizards, and Snakes | |
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The Lepidosaurs | |
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Radiation of Sphenodontids and the Biology of Tuatara | |
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Radiation of Squamates | |
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Ecology and Behavior of Squamates | |
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Thermoregulation | |
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Temperature and Ecology of Squamates | |
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Ectothermy: A Low-Cost Approach to Life | |
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Vertebrates and Their Environments | |
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Heat--Ectotherms in Deserts | |
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Cold--Ectotherms in Subzero Conditions | |
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The Role of Ectothermal Tetrapods in Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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Geograzphy and Ecology of the Mesozoic | |
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Mesozoic Continental Geography | |
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Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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Mesozoic Diapsids: Dinosaurs, Crocodilians, and Others | |
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Mesozoic Fauna | |
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Phylogenetic Relationships among Diapsids | |
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The Archosauromorpha | |
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Archosauria | |
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Dinosaurs | |
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The Ornithischian Dinosaurs | |
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The Saurischian Dinosaurs | |
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Dinosaur Soft Parts and Temperature Regulation | |
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Marine Diapsids--Placodonts, Plesiosaurs, and Ichthyosaurs | |
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Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Late Mesozoic | |
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Late Cretaceous Extinctions | |
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Endotherms: Birds and Mammals | |
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The Evolution of Birds and the Origin of Flight | |
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The Evolution of Endothermy | |
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Activity and Metabolism | |
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Birds as Feathered Dinosaurs | |
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Archaeopteryx and the Origin of Flight | |
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Early Birds | |
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Birds as Flying Machines | |
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Body Form and Flight | |
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Feeding, Digestion, and Excretion | |
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The Hindlimbs and Locomotion | |
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The Ecology and Behavior of Birds | |
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Birds as Model Organisms | |
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The Sensory Systems | |
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Social Behavior and Reproduction | |
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Imprinting and Learning | |
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Migration and Navigation | |
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The Synapsida and the Evolution of Mammals | |
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The Origin of Synapsids | |
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Diversity of Nonmammalian Synapsids | |
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Evolutionary Trends in Synapsids | |
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The First Mammals | |
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Geography and Ecology of the Cenozoic | |
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Cenozoic Continental Geography | |
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Cenozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems | |
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Cenozoic Climates | |
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Cenozoic Extinctions | |
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Mammalian Characteristics and Diversity | |
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Features Shared by All Mammals | |
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Major Lineages of Mammals | |
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Cenozoic Mammal Evolution | |
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Mammalian Specializations | |
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Mammalian Reproduction | |
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Some Extreme Eutherian Reproductive Specializations | |
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Are Eutherians Reproductively Superior to Marsupials? | |
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Specializations for Feeding | |
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Specializations for Locomotion | |
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Specializations of the Sensory Systems | |
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Endothermy: A High-Energy Approach to Life | |
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Endothermal Thermoregulation | |
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Energy Budgets of Vertebrates | |
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Endotherms in the Arctic | |
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Migration to Avoid Difficult Conditions | |
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Torpor as a Response to Low Temperatures and Limited Food | |
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Endotherms in Deserts | |
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Body Size, Ecology, and Sociality of Mammals | |
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Social Behavior | |
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Population Structure and the Distribution of Resources | |
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Advantages of Sociality | |
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Body Size, Diet, and the Structure of Social Systems | |
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Primate Societies | |
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Primate Evolution and the Emergence of Humans | |
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Primate Origins and Diversification | |
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Origin and Evolution of the Hominoidea | |
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Origin and Evolution of Humans | |
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Evolution of Human Characteristics--Bipedality, Larger Brains, and Language | |
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The Impact of Humans on Other Species of Vertebrates | |
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Humans and the Pleistocene Extinctions | |
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Humans and Recent Extinctions | |
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Organismal Biology and Conservation | |
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The Paradoxes of Conservation | |
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Glossary | |
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Credits | |
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Subject Index | |
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Author Index | |