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| Preface | |
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| Introduction to Ground Water Contamination | |
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| The Hydrologic Cycle | |
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| Ground Water Hydrology | |
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| Ground Water Contamination and Transport | |
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| Evolution of Ground Water Information | |
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| Ground Water Remediation | |
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| Ground Water Hydrology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Properties of Ground Water | |
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| Ground Water Movement | |
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| General Flow Equations | |
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| Dupuit Equations | |
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| Streamlines and Equipotential Lines | |
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| Unsaturated Flow and the Water Table | |
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| Ground Water Flow and Well Mechanics | |
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| Steady-State Well Hydraulics | |
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| Steady One-Dimensional Flow | |
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| Steady Radial Flow to a Well--Confined | |
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| Steady Radial Flow to a Well--Unconfined | |
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| Well in a Uniform Flow Field | |
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| Multiple-Well System | |
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| Unsteady Well Hydraulics | |
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| Sources and Types of Groundwater Contamination | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Underground Storage Tanks | |
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| Landfills | |
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| Surface Impoundments | |
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| Waste Disposal Injection Wells | |
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| Septic Systems | |
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| Agricultural Wastes | |
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| Land Application and Mining | |
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| Radioactive Contaminants | |
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| Military Sources of Contamination | |
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| Classification of Organic Compounds | |
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| Inorganic Compounds in Groundwater | |
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| A Typical Industrial Waste Site | |
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| Hydrogeologic Site Investigations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Development of Conceptual Site Model | |
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| Strategy for Hydrogeologic Site Investigations | |
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| Development of a Detailed Site Investigation Workplan | |
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| Data Collection Methods | |
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| Geologic Data Acquisition | |
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| Hydrologic Data Acquisition | |
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| Acquisition of Soil and Groundwater Quality Data | |
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| Data Evaluation Procedures | |
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| Contaminant Transport Mechanisms | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Advection Process | |
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| Diffusion and Dispersion Processes | |
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| Mass Transport Equations | |
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| One-Dimensional Models | |
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| Governing Flow and Transport Equations | |
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| Analytical Methods | |
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| Multidimensional Methods | |
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| Tests for Dispersivity | |
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| Natural Gradient Field Tests for Dispersion | |
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| Contaminant Fate Processes | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sorption and Desorption | |
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| Abiotic Fate Processes | |
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| Volatilization | |
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| Biodegradation | |
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| Evaluation of Fate Processes | |
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| Modeling Biodegradation and Natural Attenuation | |
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| Kinetics and Rates of Biodegradation | |
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| Modeling Biodegradation | |
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| Biodegradation Models | |
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| Analytical Natural Attenuation Models | |
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| Numerical Natural Attenuation Models | |
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| Field Site Applications | |
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| Flow and Transport in the Unsaturated Zone | |
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| Capillary Action | |
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| Soil-Water Characteristic Curves | |
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| Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity | |
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| Governing Equation for Unsaturated Flow | |
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| Measurement of Soil Properties | |
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| Infiltration Models | |
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| Transport Processes in the Unsaturated Zone | |
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| Governing Equations for Vapor Transport | |
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| Vadose Zone Flow and Transport Models | |
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| Numberical Modeling of Contaminant Transport | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Numerical Methods | |
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| Finite Difference Methods | |
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| Finite Element Methods | |
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| Method of Characteristics (MOC) | |
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| Numerical Flow Models | |
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| Contaminant Transport Models | |
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| Modeling With Graphical Pre-Processors | |
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| Applying Numerical Models to Field Sites | |
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| Nonaqueous Phase Liquids | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of NAPLs | |
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| NAPL Transport -- General Processes | |
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| NAPL Transport -- Computational Methods | |
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| Fate of NAPLs in the Subsurface | |
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| Characterizing NAPLs at Remediation Sites | |
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| Natural Attenuation and Risk Based Corrective Action | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Principles Behind Natural Attenuation | |
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| Natural Attenuation Protocols and Guidance | |
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| Demonstrating Natural Attenuation | |
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| Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) | |
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| Ground Water Remediation Alternatives | |
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| Introduction to Remediation Methods | |
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| Remedial Alternatives | |
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| Containment Methods for Source Control | |
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| Hydraulic Controls and Pump and Treat Systems | |
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| Bioremediation | |
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| Soil Vapor Extraction Systems | |
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| Remediating NAPL Sites | |
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| Emerging Remediation Technologies | |
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| Case Studies of Remediation | |
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| Legal Protection of Ground Water | |
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| The Process of Ground Water Protection | |
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| The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 | |
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| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 | |
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| The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendment of 1984 (HSWA) | |
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| CERCLA | |
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| Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) | |
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| Homework | |
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| Index | |